Antibacterial Agents IV Flashcards Preview

MS1 - Disease & Defense > Antibacterial Agents IV > Flashcards

Flashcards in Antibacterial Agents IV Deck (28)
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1
Q

What three fluoroquinolones do we need to know for class?

A

Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin

2
Q

What combination of DNA precursor methylation is bactericidal?

A

Trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole, because they inhibit sequential steps of the pathway

3
Q

Lower UTIs are called cystitis and require __________; upper UTIs (pyelonephritis) require _________.

A

nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; fluoroquinolones (or AGs, or ceftriaxone if resistance is suspected)

4
Q

Antacids will decrease the bioavailability of ____________.

A

fluoroquinolones and penicillins

5
Q

The big resistance mechanism for fluoroquinolones is _________.

A

changing the target (DNA gyrase)

6
Q

Fluoroquinolones have ________ absorption and distribution.

A

good (very minimal protein binding)

7
Q

The two fluoroquinolones that are impacted by renal dysfunction are ___________.

A

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but not for moxifloxacin

8
Q

The only fluoroquinolones that can kill anaerobic bacteria and atypical bacteria are _________.

A

moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin

9
Q

Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin can kill __________.

A

Gram positive cocci

10
Q

Levofloxacin is unique among the fluoroquinolones for its ability to kill _________.

A

Gram negative cocci

11
Q

Only _________ can kill Gram positive rods (within the fluoroquinolone group).

A

ciprofloxacin

12
Q

Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin can kill _______.

A

Gram negative rods

13
Q

Overall, fluoroquinolones are ________ tolerated.

A

well (slight increase in risk of tendon rupture)

14
Q

Nitrofurantoin is toxic in those with _________.

A

renal insufficiency

15
Q

Nitrofurantoins only kill ________.

A

Gram negative bacilli (not Neisseria)

16
Q

Because they are so quickly excreted, nitrofurantoins have adverse side effects like ___________.

A

GI upset, anorexia, nephropathy with chronic use, vomiting, and diarrhea

17
Q

Metronidazole treats __________.

A

protozoa and anaerobic bacteria

18
Q

Metronidazole’s side effects include ___________.

A

nausea, headache, metallic taste, exacerbation of candidiasis infections (furry tongue), and Antabuse-like effect

19
Q

Which drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?

A

Trimethoprim

20
Q

Do not use sulfonamides in _________.

A

babies or pregnant women, because it raises the risk of kernicterus

21
Q

What enzyme does sulfonamide target?

A

Dihydropteroate synthetase

22
Q

The only two fluoroquinolones that can treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa are ________.

A

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

23
Q

Which antibiotic colors the urine brown?

A

Nitrofurantoin

24
Q

Where does metronidazole distribute to?

A

Everywhere, including CSF and bone

25
Q

What is the trade name for TMP-SMX?

A

Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

26
Q

TMP-SMX kills ___________.

A

Gram-positive, Gram-negative, atypical, and anaerobic bacteria (including MRSA and Pseudo, except systemically)

27
Q

List the two drug interactions and the one absorption factor relevant to fluoroquinolones.

A

Theophylline/caffeine; antacids

28
Q

Can clindamycin kill Gram-negative bacteria?

A

No!

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