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Flashcards in antibiotics Deck (26)
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1
Q

Long-acting formulations of penicillin

A

(procaine, benzathine)

should be given orally only fatal iv

2
Q

oral penicillin

A

penicillin v

3
Q

adverse effects of anti staphylococcal penicillins

A

AIN

phlebitis

4
Q

drug of choice for enterococci

A

ampicillin

enterococcuas faecalis is almost susceptible whereas enterococcus faecium is generally resistanrt

5
Q

beta lactamase inhibitots : most potent

A

clavulanate is more potent

sulbactam has action against acinitobacter

6
Q

first generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin
cephadroxil
cephalexin
cephalothin

7
Q

main advantage and disadvantage of first generation cephalosporib

A

first gen cephalosporins may be used in place of anti staphylococcal penicillins
however unlike anti staphylococcal penicillins they do not cross the bbb

8
Q

second generation cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime cefotetan cefomandole cefmetazole cefoxitin

9
Q

second generation cephalosporin spectrum

A

some enteric gram neg

particularly effective against haemophilus and neisseria

10
Q

only cephalosporins with anaerobic coverage

A

cefoxitin
cefotetan
cefmetazole

these are called the cephamycins and are particularly useful for surgical prophylaxis

11
Q

cephalosporinds with MTT group and their adverse effects

A

cefotetan
cefmetazole
cefamandole

disulfuram like reaction and may inhibit vitamin k production and prolong bleeding

12
Q

can g2 cephalosporins cross yhe bbb

A

no

13
Q

third gen cephalosporin with mtt group

A

cefpodoxime

14
Q

third gen with anti pseudomonal activity

A

ceftazidime

15
Q

third gen that can penetrate bbb

A

ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
ceftazidime

16
Q

why should ceftriaxone be avoided in the paediatric patient

A

interacts with calcium containing medication to form crystels that may precipitate in lungs and kidneys

may cause biliary sludging

17
Q

broadest spectrum cephalosporin

A

cefepime

activity against gram positive and gram negative including pseudomonas

18
Q

adverse effect of cefepime

A

neurotoxicity in the form of non convulsive status epilepticus

19
Q

anti staphylococcal cephalosporin

A

ceftaroline

20
Q

cephalosporin and betalactamase inhibitor combinations :spectrum

A

pseudomonas,enteric carbapenemase resistant enterobacteriacae ( ceftazidime /avibactum >ceftolozone?tazobactum)

poor action against anaerobes and acinitobacter

ony ceftazidime avibactum has effect on carbapenemase resistanr kleb )

21
Q

important aspects of spectrum of ertapenem

A

not effective against pseudomonas,acinitobacter and enterococcus

22
Q

utility of aztreonam

A

single ring of the 4 beta lactam rings.as a result displays no 2cross-reactivity with other betalactams

23
Q

in which beta actam hypersensitivity should aztreonam be used with caution

A

ceftazidime

it has structural similarity with aztreonam

24
Q

spectrum of aztreonam

A

same as ceftazidime
good activity against pseudomonas and most gram neg aerobes,moderate against acinitobacter and no activity against gram positives and anaerobes

25
Q

fluoroquinoilones with anaerobic activity

A

most anaerobes do not have anaerobic activity excep[t moxicip

26
Q

how are fluoroquinjolones metabolised?

A

concentrations. The long half-lives (4-12 hours) allow once- or twice-daily dosing. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are excreted renally as unmetabolized drug, necessitating dosing adjustments in renal insufficiency. Moxifloxacin, however, is highly metabolized and does not require

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