Antifolate drugs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Antifolate drugs Deck (7)
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1
Q

Sulfonamides/sulfamethoxide

MoA

A

inhibits dihydropteroate synthesis, a precursor to dihydrofolate

2
Q

Trimethoprim MoA

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate synthesis

3
Q

Spectrum and indications

A

Spectrum: Broad spectrum G+ and G-

Indications: 
Pneumocystis jiroveci/carnii
Toxoplasma gondii, 
Nocardia
Leishmania
some p Falciparums. 

Shigella, Salmonella

UTIs

4
Q

Kinetics

A

Good oral absorption, can be given Oral or Parenteral.
Very wide distribution:
- enters CNS, Urinary tract, crosses placenta (contrad in preggos)

5
Q

Why are they always in combination?

A

To prevent rapid resistance development in trimethoprim monotherapy

6
Q

List some sulfonamide drugs

A
Topical agents:
Sulfacetamide
Sulfadimidine
Sulfadiazine
Sulfasalazine
7
Q

Adverse reactions to Sulfa+Trimeth

A

Allergic reactions, rashes, potential SJS
GI effects
Photosensitivity

Nephrotoxicity due to crystal precipitation, hydration is essential

Hematotoxicity (antifolate-folate def. pancytopenia)
Hemolysis in G6PDH def.

Inhibits bilirubin excretion in newborns, can cause CNS bilirubin toxicity aka kernicterus