Flashcards in Applied Neuropharmacology Deck (26)
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1
Name examples of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Monoamines
Amino acids
Purines
Neuropeptides
NO
2
What are the physiological functions affected by dopamine?
Vomiting
Voluntary movement
Emotions
3
Where is dopamine distributed within the brain?
Brainstem
Basal ganglia
Limbic system and frontel cortex
4
How is dopamine linked to Parkinson's disease?
Degeneration of dopamine cells in substantia nigra leading to dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia
5
What is the synthesis line for dopamine?
Glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine
6
What is the basic route of dopamine metabolic breakdown?
Dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/3-methoxytryptamine, homovanillic acid
7
What are the 2 subgroups of dopaminergic drugs?
Dopamine precursor
Dopamine agonists
8
What is the main dopamine precursor drug?
Levodopa
9
What are the main dopamine agonist drugs?
Bromocriptine
Ropinirole
Pramipexole
Apomorphine
10
Name the main subgroups of enzyme inhibitors?
Peripheral AAAD inhibitors
MOAB inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
11
What are some examples of peripheral AAAD inhibitors?
Carbidopa
Benserazide
12
What is the function a peripheral AAAD inhibitor?
Reduces peripheral side effects of levodopa, allows greater proportion of dose to reach CNS
13
Name an example of an MOAB inhibitor?
Selegiline
14
Name an example of a COMT inhibitor?
Entacapone
15
What is the function of a COMT inhibitor?
Reduces metabolism of dopamine, increasing the effectiveness of levodopa
16
What is the particular disadvantage associated with enzyme inhibitors?
Can have no effect on synthetic dopamine agonists
17
What are the advantages of dopamine antagonists?
Improve nausea, vomiting and psychosis
18
What are the disadvantages of dopamine antagonists?
Worsen or cause Parkinson's and rigidity and bradykinesia in the limbs
19
What is the clinical name given to the 'vomiting centre'
Area postrema
20
Where is the area postrema located?
Medulla (functionally outside the brain blood barrier)
21
What are the advantages of domperidone?
Does not cross brain blood barrier
No antipsychotic properties
Relatively safe to use on Parkinson's
22
What is domperidone?
Dopamine antagonist and anti emetic
23
What is dyskinesia?
Abnormal involuntary movements
24
What is the function of noradrenaline?
Reuptake blockers
25
What is one of the main neurological benefits of GABA?
Anti-epileptic
Anti-anxiety properties
26
