The arm is encased in brachial fascia that is continuous proximally with ____ and inserts ____
1) continues proximally with axillary and pectoral fascias
2) attaches distally to the humeral epicondyles and olecranon of the ulna
What is the ligament in the wrist that prevents “bowstringing”?
palmar carpal ligament
the posterior medial epicondyle bears a grove for which nerve?
ulnar n.
which bone is longer: ulna or radius?
ulna
what is the tough, strong and fibrous sheaet that unites the ulna and radius?
interosseous membrane
What two ligaments reinforce and stabilize the elbow joint?
radial collateral ligaments and ulnar collateral ligaments
what holds the proximal radioulnar joint in place?
annular ligament
The three muscles that form the flexor compartment of the arm are:
1) Biceps brachii
2) Brachialis
3) Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii short head: origin
coracoid process
Biceps brachii long head: origin
long head of supraglenoid tubercle
The tendon of long head transversesthe glenohumeral joint and intertubercular groove where it is held in place by the
transverse humeral ligament
Biceps brachii: insertion
radial tuberosity and forearm fascia via bicipital aponeurosis
Biceps brachii: innervation
musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii: actions
flex supine forearm
Coracobrachialis: Origin
coracoid process
Coracobrachialis: Insertion
medial humerus (middle 1/3)
Coracobrachialis: Innervation
musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis: actions
Flexes and Adducts arm at glenohumeral joint
Name the muscle that is deep to the biceps and cross the elbow joint?
Brachialis
Brachialis: Origin
distal half of anterior humerus
Brachialis: Insertion
Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
Brachialis: Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis: Actions: Actions
Flexes in all position
What is the only extensor muscles int he posterior compartment of the arm?
Triceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii- Long head: Origin
infraglenoid tubercle
Triceps Brachii- Lateral head: Origin
from posterior humerus superior to the radial groove
Triceps Brachii- Medial head: Origin
from posterior humerus inferior to the radial groove
Triceps Brachii: Inserition
Olecranon of the ulna and forearm fascia
Triceps Brachii: Innervation
Radial Nerve
Triceps Brachii: Actions
Major extensor of the elbow joint
Long head- adducts at the glenohumeral joint
What are the 4 superficial muscles of the flexor forearm?
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmarus Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
The intermediate muscle of the flexor forearm is called?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
The deep muscles of the flexor forearm are:
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor Digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
The superficial and intermediate muscles arise from?
the medial epicondyle
Pronator Teres: Origin
humeral head of medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon; ulnar head from coronoid process
Pronator Teres: Insertion
middle of lateral radius
Pronator Teres: Innervation
Median Nerve
Pronator Teres: Actions
Pronates and flexes forearm at elbow
Flexor Carpi Radialis: Origin
medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Flexor Carpi Radialis: Insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Radialis: Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Carpi Radialis: actions
flexes and aBducts
Palmaris Longus: Origin
medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Palmaris Longus: Insertion
Flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris Longus: Innervation
Median Nerve
Palmaris Longus: Actions
Flex hand at wrist; tenses palmar aponeurosis
Flexor Carpi Ulnars: Origin
medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Flexor Carpi Ulnars: Insertion
Pisiform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Ulnars: Innervation
Ulnar n
Flexor Carpi Ulnars: Actions
Flexes and Adducts hand at wrist
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- Humeral Head: Origin
medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- Radial Head: Origin
superhalf of anterior radius
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Insertion
middle phalanges of the medial four digits
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Innervation
Median Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Actions
Flexes PIP and MP joints
Flexor Digatorum Profundus: Origin
proximal 3/4 of anterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Flexor Digatorum Profundus: Insertion
distal phalanges of medial four digits (2-5)
Flexor Digatorum Profundus: Innervation
medial part of ulnar nerve
lateral part of anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median n)
Flexor Digatorum Profundus: Actions
Flexes DIP joints
Flexor Pollicis Longus: Origin
anterior radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Flexor Pollicis Longus: Insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Longus: Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve
Flexor Pollicis Longus: Actions
deep flexor of the thumb
Pronator Quadratus: Origin
distal 1/4 of anterior ulna
Pronator Quadratus: Insertion
distal 1/4 of anterior radius
Pronator Quadratus: Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve
Pronator Quadratus: Actions
Pronates forearm
What is the triangular region anterior to the elbow joint?
Cubital Fossa
What are the cubital fossa contents?
brachila, radial, ulnar arteries and their venae comitantes
biceps brachii tendon
median n
Where does the brachial artery begin?
inferior border of teres major
The largest branch of the brachial artery is the
deep brachial artery
Where does the deep brachial artery run?
It passes posterior to the humerus accompanies the radial nerve in the radial groove to supply the extensor arm
What are the arteries that arise form the distal brachial artery and help form elbow anastomosis?
super & inferior ulnar collateral arteries
The deep brachial after terminates as?
radial collateral and middle collateral arteries
The brachial artery enters the cubital fossa and terminate by dividing into the?
radial and ulnar arteries
Where does the ulnar artery run?
It passes deep to the pronator trees and descends lateral to the ulnar nerve
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
medial flexor compartment
What are proximal branches of the ulnar artery that join the elbow anastamoses?
anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries
A short branch of the ulnar artery is the common interosseous artery that splits into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries, What structures does the anterior interosseous artery run with?
the anterior interosseous artery joins the anterior interosseous nerve and passes anterior to the interosseous membrane
What supplies the lateral flexor compartments?
Radial nerve
What is the pathway for the cephalic vein?
Cephalic vein ascents in the lateral forearm and arm. It enters the deltopectoral groove and triangle and joins the termination of the axillary vein superior to pectoralis minor
the Basilic vein ascends from the?
medial forearm
What does the radial nerve innervate?
Triceps (Extensors)
What nerve pierces the coracobracialis?
musculocutaneous
Where does the radial nerve run?
It emerges between the brachioradialis and brachialis and enters the cubital fossa anterior to the lateral epicondyle
What nerve enters the cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeurosis and medial to the brachial artery?
Median nerve
What muscles does the ulnar n run between?
between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
What nerves provide sensation to the skin of the medial arm?
Intercostobrachial nerve (lateral cutaneous branch of T2) Medial cutaneous nerve (medial cord of brachial plexus)
What nerves innervate the skin of the lateral arm?
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (branch of axillary n)
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (branch of radial n)
What nerves innervate the skin of the posterior arm?
superior lateral cutaneous nerve (branch of axillary n)
posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (branch of radial n)
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (branch of radial n)
What innervates the skin of the medial forearm?
Medial cutaneous nerve
What innervates the skin of the lateral forearm?
Lateral cutaneous nerve
What innervates the skin of the posterior forearm?
Posterior cutaneous nerve