Arterial Blood Gases Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological pH of the body

A

7.35 - 7.45

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2
Q

Metabolic Acidosis is…

A

the production of excess H+ by the body due to disease i.e. lactic acidosis, renal failure, sepsis

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3
Q

Potential causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Renal failure

Lactic acid

Ketones

Drugs

Sepsis

Addisons disease

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4
Q

Key features of metabolic acidosis

A
  1. reduced pH
  2. Tachypnoea with a reduced CO2
  3. A reduced HCO3 (used up by H+)
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5
Q

What is Respiratory Acidosis?

A

An accumulation of CO2 due to disease of the lungs

The kidneys attempt to counteract this by accumulating bicarbonate

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6
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis

A

Type 2 respiratory failure

COPD

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7
Q

Which conditions may present as respiratory acidosis when nearing exhaustion and respiratory arrest?

A

Asthma

Pneumonia

Pulmonary Oedema

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8
Q

Key features of Respiratory Acidosis

A

Reduced pH

Increased CO2

Little or no change in bicarbonate

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9
Q

Where might raised bicarbonate be seen in respiratory acidosis?

A

COPD where there is chronic acidosis

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10
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis is…

A

a net loss of acid from the body

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11
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting

Burns

K+ depletion

Ingestion of base

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12
Q

To counteract a surplus of alkali, the body tries to hold onto acid by _______ and retaining CO2

A

HYPOventilating

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13
Q

Key features of metabolic alkalosis

A

elevated pH

marginal increase in CO2

(relatively poor compensation mechanism)

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14
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis is…

A

a lack of acid because of the loss of CO2. This occurs as a result of hyperventilation

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15
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Stroke

Subarachnoid bleed

Meningitis

Asthma

Anxiety

Altitude

PE

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16
Q

Key features of Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Elevated pH

Hyperventilation

Low CO2

Little change in HCO3

17
Q

What is Base Excess?

A

The amount of strong base which would need to be added or subtracted from a substance in order to return the pH to normal