Asphyxia and drowning Flashcards
1
Q
asphyxiation
- respiration ceases
- heart may stop beating, however may continue for a few minutes
- agonal respiratory movment may occur
A
Characterisitics of apnoea stage
2
Q
asphyxiation
- cerebral anoxia
- hypoxia resulting from inhaled fluid
- vagally mediated bradychardia/asystole
- laryngeal spasm
A
Cause of death in drowning
3
Q
Define asphyxia
A
A failure of the cellular uptake or use of oxygen
4
Q
Characteristics of the convulsive stage
A
- the Valsalva effect causes an increase in vein pressure that may result in petechial haemorrhagin in the conjunctiva, on the eyelides, in th face, behind the ears and sometimes on the trunk
- O2 defiiency casuses a decrease in consciousness and sometimes sensory phenomena
- muscular and incapacity
- sphincter tone reduction
- extension cramps in the xtremities
5
Q
asphyxiation
never suicide!
- stasis, cyanosis, petechiae, bleeding in soft tissue
- fractures on hyoid bone and/or cartilago thyroidea
- skin abrasions, contusions, nail marks
A
Examination results from strangulation without tools
6
Q
Findings with drowning
A
- typical findings
- adipocere
- lungs enlarged by air and oedema fluid
- shrivelled skin on hands and feet
- external injuries from bottom, animals, boats, etc
- diatoms
7
Q
asphyxiation
- CO2-retention results in air hunger/panic
- sympathetic ncrease causes violent, fast respiratory movement, increased pulse and blood pressure
- O2-deficiendy results in cyanosis
A
Characteristics of the dyspnae stage
8
Q
Characteristics of the dyspnae stage
A
- CO2-retention results in air hunger/panic
- sympathetic ncrease causes violent, fast respiratory movement, increased pulse and blood pressure
- O2-deficiendy results in cyanosis
9
Q
Examination results from strangulation without tools
A
never suicide!
- stasis, cyanosis, petechiae, bleeding in soft tissue
- fractures on hyoid bone and/or cartilago thyroidea
- skin abrasions, contusions, nail marks
10
Q
asphyxiation
- central respiratory regulation - hit by lighning
- ventilation - pneumonia, pulmonary oedema
- circulation - circulatory relapse, anaemia
- gas exchange in periphery - co-intoxication
- intracellular use of oxygen - cyanide poisoning, hydrogen sulphide poisoning
A
“Physiologic”/internal causes of asphyxia
11
Q
“Physiologic”/internal causes of asphyxia
A
- central respiratory regulation - hit by lighning
- ventilation - pneumonia, pulmonary oedema
- circulation - circulatory relapse, anaemia
- gas exchange in periphery - co-intoxication
- intracellular use of oxygen - cyanide poisoning, hydrogen sulphide poisoning
12
Q
Characterisitics of apnoea stage
A
- respiration ceases
- heart may stop beating, however may continue for a few minutes
- agonal resiratory movment may occur
13
Q
asphyxiation
- the Valsalva effect causes an increase in vein pressure that may result in petechial haemorrhagin in the conjunctiva, on the eyelides, in th face, behind the ears and sometimes on the trunk
- O2 defiiency casuses a decrease in consciousness and sometimes sensory phenomena
- muscular and incapacity
- sphincter tone reduction
- extension cramps in the xtremities
A
Characteristics of the convulsive stage
14
Q
Cause of death in drowning
A
- cerebral anoxia
- hypoxia resulting from inhaled fluid
- vagally mediated bradychardia/asystole
- laryngeal spasm
15
Q
Name the three stages of mechanical asphyxia
A
- dyspnea stage
- convulsive stage
- apnoea stage
