tonometer
checks for glaucoma
PET
used to measure blood bolume, oxygen uptake transport, metabolism
wenicke-korsakoff syndrome
seen in those with alcohol abuse
B1 (thiamin) deficiency)
epispadia
malformation of the penis in which urethra end in an opening on the dorsum of the penis
hypospadia
ventral aspect of penis
paraphimosis
foreskin becomes entrapped behind glans penis
from improper circumscisiion
can be medical emergency
priapism
poteitnally painful medical condition in which the erect penis doesn’t return to its flaccid state
fistuala
abnormal passage between two organs or an organ and the exterior of the body
fissure
small tear in the mucosa that lines the anus
abscess
collection of pus that accumulated in tissue
abandonment
transfer of a patient to another doctor without patient’s consent
assault
threat of violence to another person
battery
adjusting without consent
binding arbitration
dispute that is resolved by unbiasted 3rd party and has no appear process
civil court
malpractice cases against chiropractors are tried in this court
contract
acceptance, consideration 2 or more competent parties, legal object, and consent to contract
defamation of character
any intensional false communication, either written or spoken that harms a person’s reputation
employers must pay
worker’s compensation
FICA and SS for their empolyees
expressed consent
patient has the procedure explained to them, understands and agrees to it
good samaritan law
good faith rendering of care at an emergency isn’t liable for civil damages
implied consent
patient is unable to communicate their consent, but life saving interventions are required
informed consent
providing the patient with feasilbe alternatives and informed of dangers of treatment
libel
false statement submitted in writing that harms another
malpractice
professional negligence by act or omission by a health care provider in which are provided deviates from accepted standards of practice in the medical community and causes injury or death of the patietn
negligence
failure to conform to the standard to care expected and imposed by law
plaintiff
where the burden of proof lies in a court of law
respondant superior
empolyer is responsible for actions of employees
slander
false verbal statement about another
standards of care
formal diagnostic and treatment process a doctor will follow for a patient with a certain set of symptoms or specific illness
standard will follow guidelines and prodocols that experts would agree as most appropriate
AKA “best practice”
statute of limitation
length of time you have to sue for an inury
substandard care
standard of care is the basis on which negligence and fault are determined in medical malpractice lawsuits
refers to the level of care, skill and knowledge that is expected of all physicians in a particular field, in a particular region, acting in similar circumstances
substandard care, treatment, and surgery occur when a doctor fails to meet the substandard to care
third party consent
patient is mentally incapable of understanding the procedure and/or the remifications of consent or refused, so consent is given or witheld on their behalf by a legal designate
tort
body of law which allows an injured person to obtain compensation from the person who caused the injury
vicarious liability
responsibility is imposed upon one person for failure of another in the case of a special relationship
normal vital signs of an adult
pulse: 60-100PBM
90-140mmHg systolic
60-90mmHg diastolic
12-20breaths per minute
normal vital signs of child
pulse: 80-100BPM
80-110mmHg systolic
15-30 breaths per minute
normal vital signs of infant
pulse: 100-140BPM
70-95mmHg systolic
25-50 breaths per minute
normal newborn vital signs
pulse: 120-160 BPM
>60mmHg systolic
40-60 breaths per minute
conscious choking-adult and child
encourage coughing
if they cannot cough give 5 back blows between shoulder blades
give 5 abdominal thrusts
conscious choking infant
place infant face down along forearm
give 5 back blows
turn infant face up
give 5 chest thrusts (below nipple line; compress 5 times about 1 1/2”)
unconscious choking adult and child
rise and tilt head to prepare for ventilation
30 chest compressions (about 2 inches of depth)
compress at rate of 100 compressions per minute
unconscious choking infant
fix head
30 chest compressions (about 1 1/2”)
finger sweep
technique to clear airway obstruction
only performed on unconscious patient and only when you can see foreign matter in the patient’s mouth
3 things you should check for for responsiveness
circulation
airway
breathing
circulation
in order to determine if victim’s heart is beating, place 2 fingertips on their carotid artery, apply slight pressure for several second
if no pulse then perform chest compressions
airway
if victim is unconsious and unresponsive, you need to make sure that the airways is clear of any obstructions
breathing
victim’s airway clear of obstructions, gently support chin to keep head lifted and tilted back
pinch nose to prevent air from escaping once you ventilate
take a full breath, place mouth tightly over victim’s and blow until victim’s chest rises
between each breath allow victim’s lungs to relax
artificial ventilation rates
adult 12
child 20
infant 20
newborn 30-60
proper form for adult CPR
hand position: two hands on center of chest above sternum 2" depth breaths until chest clearly rises 30:2 100 compressions per minute
proper form for child CPR
hand position: two hands on center of chest above sternum 2" depth breaths 1 second per ventilation 30:2 (one rescuer) 15:2 (two rescuers) 100 compressions per minute
proper form for infant CPR
hand position: 2 or 3 fingers on center of chest 1 1/2" depth 1 breath per second 30:2 (one rescuer) 15:2 (two resuers) 100 compressions per minute
when do you stop CPR?
another responder takes over
you are too exhausted to continue
scene becomes unsafe
battle sign
ecchymosis around mastoid
indicates possible basilar skull fracture
burns
1st degree-redness, epidermis
2nd blisters, epidermis and dermis (not base of dermis)
3rd degree- charring of skin
grade 1 concussion
no loss of consciousness, confusion, memory loss, headache, dizziness, nausea may occur, lasts approximately 15-30 minutes
grade 2 concussion
stronger version of grade 1
lasts 30 minutes to entire day
grade 3 concussion
patient loses consciousness
lasts seconds to minutes; intense confusion and memory loss
epidural hematoma
result of trauma with a faster bleeding rate
causes an increase in intracranial pressure (between skull and dura)
glasgow scale
used to assess a level of consciousness for any medical or tauma patient 3 parameters: 1. eye opening 2 verbal response 3 motor response
heat cramps
brief muscle cramp due to excess heat or exercise (electrolyte deficiency)
head exhaustion
move patient out of hot environment to cooler area
remove excess clothin
cool patient’s body: spray with cool water, apply cool wet cloths
hydrate with electrolytes
low BP with rapid, weak pulse are signs of shock
heat stroke
signs: cessation of sweating and high body tep rapid weak pulse shallow breathing low BP throbbing headache dizziness, nausea, vomiting
care for heat stroke
immerse patient in cold water up to neck (preferred)
douse patient with ice water soaked towels over entire body
hypothermia
remove any wet clothing and dry off patient
passively wam patient by wrapping all exposed body surfaces with anything at hand
DO NOT immerse patient in warm water
DO NOT rub or massage extremities
frostbite
handle area gently
do not attempt to rewarm frost bitten rrea
for a more serious injury, rewarm the body part by gently soaking it in water not warmer than 105 F
raccoon sign
when injury produces black and blue spots around eyes
subarachnoid hematoma
usually result of cerebral aneurysm
considered a form of stroke
subdural hematoma
usually result of a serous head injury
acute subdural hematomas are among the deadliest of all head injuries
symptoms of subdural hemorrhage have a slower onset than those of epidural hemorrhages because the lower pressure veins bleed more slowly than arteries