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Flashcards in Asthma Deck (21)
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1
Q

Is asthma an obstructive or restrictive disease?

A

Obstructive

2
Q

What happens to the basement membrane in remodelling?

A

It thickens

3
Q

What happens to the submucosa in remodelling?

A

Collagen deposition

4
Q

What happens to smooth muscle in remodelling?

A

Hypertrophy

5
Q

Asthmatics usually have a productive cough with wheeze. True/False?

A

False

Cough is usually dry/non-productive

6
Q

What is wheeze?

A

High pitched expiratory sound

7
Q

List the British Thoracic Society drug guidelines for asthma treatment

A
  1. SABA
  2. Inhaled steroid
    + LABA/LAMA
    + CysLT receptor antagonist
    + Theophylline
  3. Oral steroid
8
Q

What are the benefits of a spacer?

A
Avoids coordination problems
Reduces oropharyngeal/laryngeal effects
Reduces swallowing
Reduces particle size and velocity
Increases deposition into lungs
9
Q

CysLT antagonists (Montelukast) are more potent than inhaled steroids. True/False?

A

False

2nd line additive to inhaled steroid

10
Q

Cetirizine and Loratidine are sedative antihistamines. True/False?

A

False

They are non-sedative

11
Q

What do anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treatments (Omalizumab) do?

A

Prevent binding to IgE receptor and inhibit mediator release from basophils and mast cells

12
Q

What would be PEFR in moderate asthma?

A

Less than 80% predicted

13
Q

What would be PEFR in severe asthma?

A

Less than 50% predicted

14
Q

What would be PEFR in life threatening asthma?

A

Less than 30% predicted

15
Q

Outline management of acute severe asthma

A
Oxygen (40-60%)
Salbutamol (nebulised)
Hydrocortisone (IV)
Ipratropium (nebulised)
Theophylline (oral)
Magnesium sulphate (IV)
Anaesthetist!
16
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Airway closure/obstruction during sleep, resulting in cessation of breathing

17
Q

What are some symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Loud snoring
Daytime sleepiness
Headache

18
Q

Obesity and COPD are not risk factors for OSA. True/False?

A

False

They are

19
Q

What is the criteria for diagnosing OSA?

A

If more than 10-15 apnoeas in any 1hr of sleep

20
Q

List features of an acute-severe asthma attack

A

Unable to finish sentences
PEFR less than 50% predicted
Tachycardia
RR more than 25 breaths/min

21
Q

List features of a life-threatening asthma attack

A

PEFR less than 30% predicted
Bradycardia, hypotension, silent chest
Exhaustion/confusion
Hypoxia, acidosis