Name the most reliable verification method that assists audiologists in making sure the child has appropriate amount of gain for soft and average speech and that loud sounds are loud but not uncomfortable.
probe microphone measures
follow-up visits are more frequent for (a) children or (b) adults
children
What kind of procedures include the following measures: parental counseling, follow-up visits, monitor the need for hearing aid adjustments, monitor earmold fit, routine hearing aid maintenance are called
post fitting procedures
List the typical features of regular classroom acoustics.
children talking and/or coughing, squeaky chairs, fan motors, feet shuffling
List the disadvantages of a hearing-impaired child wearing personal hearing aids in a typical classroom environment.
(1) amplification of background noise
(2) poor speech intelligibility
(3) softer speech signal over greater distances
(4) lost opportunities for learning through the auditory channel
Give three negative conditions for hearing-impaired child wearing conventional hearing aids
(1) background noise- poor signal to noise ratio
(2) distance from speaker- increase in distance means decrease in intensity of speaker’s voice
(3) reverberation- echo effect of sounds reflecting off hard surfaces affects speech intelligibility
List advantages of FM systems w/ regard to negative conditions for hearing
(1) achieve optimal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio)
(2) distance between speaker and child remains constant
(3) eliminates problem with room reverberation
What is the name given to a wireless system that is frequency-modulated?
FM system
What is the range of distance the FM system transmits sound?
50-150 feet
Name the component of an FM system that is worn by the speaker, usually clipped on clothing
transmitter
Name the component of an FM system connected to the transmitter, plugged into mic/ant jack that is placed below the chin
microphone
Name the component of an FM system worn by the listener
receiver
List ways to configure ‘sound pickup’ from an FM receiver.
(1) attach to personal hearing aids
(2) build into hearing aids
(3) use with earbuds
List advantages of the FM system.
(1) wireless transmission
(2) high-quality signal
(3) flexible system
(4) choice of several types of receivers
(5) can be used indoors or outdoors
(6) no electromagnetic interference
(7) receiver does not have to be in line with receiver
(8) no interference if used in adjacent rooms
(9) portable
List disadvantages of the FM system.
(1) potential outside interference from fire call boxes and paging systems, as well as radio stations
(2) potential for interference from transmitters on the the same frequency in close proximity
(3) expensive system that requires expensive care and maintenance
List causes of feedback associated with hearing aids.
(1) earmold or hearing is positioned incorrectly
(2) eamold tubing is torn or has a hole
(3) cerumen impaction
(4) volume is turned up all the way
List causes of no sound from hearing aid
(1) hearing aid is dead
(2) battery is dead
(3) no battery
(4) earmold or wax guard is clogged with wax
List reasons why hearing aid may need repair
(1) intermittency
(2) distortion
(3) dead hearing aid
Name the FM system for group use.
Soundfield System
Give an example of a vibratory alerting device.
alarm clock (e.g., Shake Awake)
Give an example of a visual alerting device.
a smoke alarm that flashes
Give an example of an auditory alerting device.
doorbells that ring louder
Name an electronic device that stimulates the auditory nerve to provide sound information and benefits hearing-impaired pop. with severe to profound SNHL bilaterally.
cochlear implants
Where is the incision for CI implantation made on patient?
behind the ear on the mastoid
What does the surgeon place under the skin to which electrodes are then inserted into the scala tympani?
a receiver stimulator
Name 3 types of telephone assistive devices.
amplified telephones; CapTel; Automatic T-coil
Name 3 types of television amplification devices.
FM; Bluetooth; infrared technology
Name 3 assistive device features of cellphones.
volume controls; Bluetooth; texting
What professionals are included in the “team approach” for patients with CI?
(1) surgeon - otologists implant CI
(2) AuD
(3) SLP
(4) Educators
(5) Psychologists
(6) Parents
What is the amount of HL a child must exhibit to qualify for CI?
90dB loss or greater
What is the amount of HL an adult must exhibit to qualify for CI?
70dB loss or greater
Who dictates the guidelines for cochlear implants?
the FDA
Name some risks associated with CIs.
(1) death from anesthesia
(2) infection
(3) injury to facial nerve
(4) dizziness
(5) increased tinnitus
(6) neck pain
What is the critical period for children to attain speech and language skills?
0-3yrs
What range of bandwidth does the FCC allow for FM system?
72-76MHz
Name the technique the speech processor of a CI uses to translate pitch, loudness, and timing of sound into electrical impulses.
speech coding strategy
When is the patient hooked up to CI and program?
3-4 weeks post op
What is the benefit of bilateral CIs?
improved localization ability and ability to understand speech in noise
Why don’t children benefit from bilateral CIs right away?
They haven’t acquired speech and language skills yet.
When is implantation in unilateral HL allowed?
patient has one normal ear and the other is severe to profound; however; the implant will be an annoyance
Name the audiologic rehabilitation curriculum given to adults with CIs.
Learning to Hear Again
Name the CD-ROM with self-paced modules to improve understanding of vowels, consonants, and sentences used primarily for adults and teens with CIs.
Sound and Way Beyond
List the 4 steps to Erber’s Hierarchy of Auditory Skills.
(1) Detection of sound
(2) Discrimination of similar and differing sounds
(3) Identification of what was heard
(4) Comprehension of auditory message
Name the treatment for building listening skills used in schools.
DASL, Developmental Approach to Successful Listening
Name the language based program that integrates auditory learning experiences into activities that target language development and communication (e.g., Sunshine Cottage)
Auditory-Verbal therapy
Give 2 characterizations of Deaf culture.
Deafness is not a handicap and ASL is the Deaf culture language
What are the claims against CIs?
(1) resent those trying to “fix” a Deaf child
(2) CIs try to shape Deaf child into being hearing
(3) fear Deaf culture will be extinguished (Deaf Holocaust)
What can doctors and AuD do to give Deaf children a non-biased approach to making an informed decision?
Give information about cochlear implants, as well as Deaf culture with the option to use sign language; respect the decision made by the parents or individual considering CIs