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Theme 2: Sensory input and motor outputs > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Three divisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Enteric

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2
Q

Sympathetic function

A

Fight, flight, fright

Maximises use of metabolic resources

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3
Q

Parasympathetic function

A

Opposite to sympathetic division

Switched on during resting

Increases/ conserves metabolic resources

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4
Q

Map of the ANS

A

Parasympathetic: brainstem

Sympathetic: T1-L2 spinal cord

Parasympathetic: S2- S4 spinal cord

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Axons do not pass directly to the effector organs

Form disynaptic pathways

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6
Q

Neurotransmission within autonomic ganglia

A

Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter

Binds to nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurones

Ionotropic ligand gated:

  • acetylcholine opens pore
  • depolarises neurone
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7
Q

Neurotransmission of postganglionic sympathetic neurones

A

Noradrenaline is the main neurotransmitter

Binds to adrenergic receptors on the effector organ
- metabotropoc G-protein coupled

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8
Q

Neurotransmission within adrenal medulla

A

Acetylcholine is main neurotransmitter

Binds to nicotinic receptors on chromaffin cells

Causes release of adrenaline/ noradrenaline into circulation

Direct activation of sympathetic effector organs

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9
Q

Neurotransmission within postganglionic parasympathetic neurones

A

Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter

Binds to muscarinic receptors on the effector organ

Metabotropic G protein coupled

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10
Q

Sympathetic trunk/ chain

A

Interconnected paravertebral ganglia

Extends from cervical to sacral levels

Preganglionic fibres enter sympathetic trunk through white rami communications

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11
Q

Preganglionic fibres

A

On entering the trunk, preganglionic fibres either

  • synapse in ganglion
  • pass through ganglion into splanchnic nerves to synapse in prevertebral ganglia
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12
Q

Postganglionic fibres

A

Much more numerous than preganglionic

Sympathetic responses are mass responses for coordinated activity

From sympaethtic trunk, two routes

  • to the periphery
  • to the viscera

From prevertebral ganglia, form plexus around viscera

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13
Q

Cervical sympathetic postganglionic fibres

A

Exit via grey rami communications to spinal nerves

Piggy back down common carotid artery to heart

Piggy back up internal/ external carotid artery to head

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14
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Disruption of the sympathetic supply to head

Any part of pathway- hypothalamus to preganglionic neurones

Pupils- miosis (constricted)
Eyelids- ptosis (drooping) Skin of face- anhydrosis (dry)

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15
Q

Thoracic sympathetic postganglionic fibres

A

Exit via

  • grey rami communicans to spinal nerves
  • medial branches to heart and lungs
  • thoracic splanchnic nerves to abdomen
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16
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

A

Synapse in prevertebral ganglia

Ganglia close to abdominal aorta

Postganglionic fibres form prevertebral plexus around viscera

17
Q

Lumbar sympathetic

A

4 lumbar sympathetic trunk ganglia

Post ganglionic fibres exit via
- grey rami communicans to spinal nerves

Preganglionic fibres exit via
- lumbar splanchnic nerves to pelvis

18
Q

Sacral sympathetic

A

4 sacral sympathetic trunk ganglia

Postganglionic fibres exit via

  • grey rami communicans to spinal nerves
  • sacral splanchnic nerves to pelvic organs
19
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibres

A

Preganglionic neurones within

  • brainstem
  • grey matter spinal cord

All ganglia located close to target organ

20
Q

Cranial parasympethic

A

Preganglionic neuronal cell bodes in cranial nerve nuclei

Preganglionic axons pass though cranial nerves to ganglia

Vagus nerve pass to heart, lungs and abdominal viscera

21
Q

Sacral parasympethetic

A

From sacral spinal cord

Preganglionic fibres exit via
- pelvic splanchnic nerves to pelvic organs

Form pelvic plexus over viscera

Preganglionic fibres synapse in walls of target organs

22
Q

Sacral parasympathetic function on bladder

A

Contraction of bladder wall

Inhibition to bladder sphincter

23
Q

Sacral parasympathetic function of rectum

A

Inhibition of rectal sphincter

24
Q

Sacral parasympathetic function on sexual function

A

Vasodilation in erectule tissues

25
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

In walls of GI tract

Auerbach’s- regulates muscle contraction
Meissner’s- regulates glandular secretions

Contains 10-100 billion neurones

Truly autonomic

Theme 2: Sensory input and motor outputs (11 decks)

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