Autonomic Nervous System - Severson Flashcards Preview

Skin and Musculoskeletal - Week 2 > Autonomic Nervous System - Severson > Flashcards

Flashcards in Autonomic Nervous System - Severson Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Where are the autonomic preganglionic nerve cell bodies found?

A

The gray matter of:
The brain stem (cranial nerve nuclei)
AND
The spinal cord (intermediolateral column of lateral horn)

2
Q

The autonomic postganglionic nerve cells bodies are found in:

A

The autonomic ganglion

3
Q

The sympathetic nervous system extends preganglionic neurons across which vertebrae?

A

Spinal cord segments T1 through L2

4
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system has preganglia on which parts of the verebrae?

A

Cranial Nerves 3,7,9,10

Sacral 2,3,4

5
Q
Which of the following consist of a two neuron system?
General somatic afferents (GSA)
General somatic efferents (GSE)
General visceral afferents (GVA)
General visceral efferents (GVE)
A

General visceral efferents (GVE)

6
Q

Which of the following structures is NOT innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

Gall bladder 
Heart 
Liver
Pancreas
Skeletal muscle
Testis
A

Skeletal muscle

7
Q

Where are postganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies located?

Brain stem
Cranial nerve ganglia
Spinal cord segments T1– L2
Spinal cord segments S2 – S4
Sympathetic chain ganglia
More than one of the above answers is Correct
A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

8
Q

Trace the path of the sypathetic neuron from the start of the preganglionic neuron

A

Cell body in intermediolateral column - ventral horn - ventral root - anterior ramus - communicating white ramus - synapse at paravertebral ganglion or passes through and synpases at prevertebral ganglion

9
Q

Why is it important to know that all preganglionic sympathetics originate between T1 and L2?

A

Then it makes sense why many nerves actually ascend or descent from where they enter the sympathetic chain in order to cover superior or inferior areas.

10
Q

How many white rami and gray rami are found in the body?

A

14 pairs (28) white rami

31 pairs (62) gray rami

11
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons to the head have their cell bodies located in:

cranial nerve nuclei III, VII, IX and X.
paravertebral ganglia.
prevertebral ganglia.
spinal cord segments C1 - C8.
spinal cord segments T1 - L2.
A

spinal cord segments T1 - L2.

tricky right?

12
Q

Why are gray communicates called gray?

A

They have mostly unmyelinated axons!

13
Q

Postganglionic axons can leave the paravertebral ganglia in 3 ways.
What are they?

A

Gray rami communicans
(go to the 31 pairs of spinal nerves)

Cephalic arterial branches
(supply fibers to the head, closely associated to blood vessels of the head region)

Cardiopulmonary nerves
(nerves destined for the heart, lungs, and esophagus)

14
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons to the head have their cell bodies located in the:

intermediolateral cell column.
paravertebral ganglia.
prevertebral ganglia.
spinal cord segments C8 - T2.
spinal cord segments T1 - T2.
A

paravertebral ganglia

15
Q
Paravertebral ganglia receive their innervation via:dorsal rami. 
dorsal roots.
gray rami. 
prevertebral ganglia.
white rami.
A

white rami.

16
Q

What are the 3 main prevertebral ganglia?

A

Celiac ganglia
Superior mesenteric ganglia
Inferior Mesenteric ganglia

17
Q

What nerves supply the prevertebral ganglia with preganglionic neurons?

Gray rami communicates
Somatic nerves
Splanchnic nerves

A

Splanchnic nerves

18
Q

Which of the following nerve fibers are NOT found in splanchnic nerves?
General visceral afferents
General somatic afferents
General visceral efferents

A

General somatic afferents

19
Q

What is the location of postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers supplying the head?

Celiac ganglion
Prevertebral ganglion
Spinal cord segments C1 - Co1 
Spinal cord segments T1 - T2
Superior cervical ganglion
A

Superior cervical ganglion

20
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by cells of the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine

21
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

A

Postganglionic cell bodies

22
Q

What is the source of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

A

CN III, VII, IX and X nuclei, and nuclei located in S2 - S4 spinal cord segments

23
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a longer preganglionic and a shorter postganglionic neuron?

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic is the opposite!