Back Flashcards

1
Q

small gap in muscles near inferior angle of scapula

A

triangle of auscultation: latissimus dorsi, trapezius, & scapula; used to listen to chest noises

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2
Q

ipsilateral weakness when shoulders are elevated against resistance

A

accessory nerve palsy (damage to accessory nerve)

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3
Q

inability to raise the upper limb & depress scapula

A

nerve damage to thoracodorsal nerve & latissimus dorsi paralysis

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4
Q

what causes the scapula to be further from midline than normal?

A

damage to the dorsal scapular nerve & rhomboid paralysis

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5
Q

loss of horizontal supporting trabeculae & thickening of vertical struts; common in postmenopausal females

A

vertebral body osteoporosis

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6
Q

surgical excision of one or more vertebral laminae and spinous processes

A

laminectomy

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7
Q

vertebra with horizontal facets that makes it easier to dislocate; large vertebral canal so slight dislocations do not damage spinal cord

A

cervical vertebrae

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8
Q

fracture of anterior or posterior arches of atlas from vertical force

A

jefferson or burst fracture; spinal cord damage if transverse ligament is torn

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9
Q

most common injury of cervical vertebra

A

fracture of the vertebral arch of axis

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10
Q

traumatic sponylolysis of C2 in pars interarticularis by hyperextension of head ON the neck

A

hangman’s fracture

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11
Q

hyperextension of head AND the neck

A

whiplash; if C2 is displaced anteriorly with respect to C3, death or quadriplegia can occur

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12
Q

fracture of dens caused by?

A

horizontal blow to head or complication of osteopenia

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13
Q

narrowing of vertebral foramen

A

lumbar spinal stenosis —> compression of spinal nerve roots; fixed with electromyography and laminectomies

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14
Q

nerve size increases & vertebral foramen size decreases in what section of spinal cord?

A

lumbar —> easy site for nerve compression especially in lumbar spinal stenosis

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15
Q

costal element on C7 (enlargement of transverse process)

A

cervical rib (1-2% of people & 60% of those people have it bilaterally)

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16
Q

pressure on structures that emerge from superior thoracic aperature is caused by?

A

supernumerary rib

17
Q

what covers the sacral hiatus?

A

sacrococcygeal ligament, which is pierced by filum terminale

18
Q

local anesthetic injected into superior fat of sacrococcygeal ligament (S4 spinous process)

A

caudal epidural anesthesia (S2-Co1 nerves affected)

19
Q

what anesthesia technique is used during child birth?

A

transsacral epidural anesthesia –> injected through posterior sacral foramina into sacral canal

20
Q

fall to the lower back can cause?

A

fracture of coccyx or fracture/dislocation of sacrococcygeal joint —-> coccygodenia (difficult pain due to coccyx injuries)

21
Q

L5 partially or fully fused to sacrum

A

hemisacralization/sacralization (5% of people)

22
Q

S1 fused with L5 instead of sacrum

A

lumbarization

23
Q

articular surface of vertebra bow inward causing anterior/inferior surfaces of vertebral to become concave; IV disks become convex

A

aging of vertebrae

24
Q

bony spurs that occur on vertebral bodies and facet joints

A

osteophytes

25
Q

disease of bony growth due to age of vertebral bodies —> degenerative osteoarthritis

A

spondylosis

26
Q

neural arches of L5 and/or S1 fail to fuse posterior to vertebral canal; tuft of hair & no back problems

A

spina bifida occulta

27
Q

vertebral arches don’t develop correctly

A

spina bifida cystica

28
Q

herniation of meninges associated with a meningeal cyst

A

meningocele

29
Q

herniation of meninges affecting the meninges and spinal cord

A

menigomyolcele; can cause limb paralysis & problems with bowl/bladder control; results from neural tube defects