Back & Spine Injuries Flashcards Preview

Z Clin Med II - Ortho > Back & Spine Injuries > Flashcards

Flashcards in Back & Spine Injuries Deck (34)
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1
Q

What is acute low back sprain/strain

A

muscles surrounding spine are stretched too far or move in ways that cause small tears

2
Q

How txt acute low back sprain/strain

A
AP/lateral xray
NSAIDs
rest
weight loss
PT
3
Q

Where are most disc herniation

A

L4-S1

4
Q

What exam for disc herniation

A

deep tendon reflexes
motor group testing
sensory deficit testing
straight leg raise

5
Q

What clinical signs of disc herniation

A

sharp, shooting pain in back

30 - 40 yr old

6
Q

What is imaging gold standard for disc herniation

A
MRI
can get:
MRI myelogram
Ct
EMG
7
Q

How txt disc herniation

A
self-limiting
short term bed rest
PT
chiropractic
acupuncture
Surgery (last resort)
8
Q

What is spondylosis

A

arthritis of spine

9
Q

What is spondylolysis

A

fracture (defect) of pars intrarticularis (veterbral body)

10
Q

What is spondylolisthesis

A

spondylolysis with vertebrae slipping forward over another

cause narrowing of vertebral canal

11
Q

What are symptoms of spondylolysis

A

low back pain with activities that extend spine

12
Q

How image spondylolysis

A

oblique xray
MRI
CT
bone

13
Q

Txt for spondylolysis

A

rest
bracing ?
PT

14
Q

What is spondylolisthesis also known as

A

Scotty dog fracture

15
Q

What are causes of vertebral compression fractures

A

osteoporosis
trauma
infection
tumors

16
Q

How is most likely to get vertebral compression fractures

A

postmenopausal women

17
Q

dgx vertebral compression fractures

A

xray
MRI
Ct
bone scan

18
Q

txt vertebral compression fractures

A

immobilization 6-12 wks
surgery
- balloon kyphoplasty
- surgical stabilization

19
Q

What are types of spine tumors

A

multiple myeloma
chordoma
osteosarcoma
hemangioma

20
Q

What are the most common types of metastatic lesions in the spine

A

lung
breast
prostate

21
Q

dgx spine tumors

A

xray
radionuclide bone scan
MRI
CT biopsy

22
Q

What is spinal stenosis

A

spinal cord or roots are compressed

23
Q

clinical signs spinal stenosis

A
pain
tingling
weakness
radiate into butt and legs
worst with standing and walking
"grocery cart" sign
24
Q

spinal stenosis txt

A
avoid activities or motion
NSAIDs/analgesics
Epidural steroid injections
PT
surgery (last resort but best prognosis)
25
Q

What is a cervical fracture

A

broken neck of cervical vertibrae

involves muscle sprain, dislocate intervertebral disk, damage to spinal cord

26
Q

cervical fracture txt

A

medical emergency

  • immobilize
  • xray, MRI, TC
  • soft collar or surgical stabilization w/ halo
27
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome

A

severe compression on cauda equina

medical emergency - need surgery

28
Q

What causes cauda equina syndrome

A

tumors/lesions
trauma
spinal stenosis (lumbar)
inflammatory conditions

29
Q

clinical signs cauda equina syndrome

A

weakness
saddle-anesthesia (numbness/changes groin)
incontinence

30
Q

txt cauda equina syndrome

A

emergent spinal decompression

31
Q

What is scoliosis

A

curvature of the spine

32
Q

scoliosis onset

A

10-15 yrs

33
Q

dgx scoliosis

A

full-spine xrays (PA/lateral)

34
Q

txt scoliosis

A

40 degrees = surgical correction