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MSK > Back anatomy > Flashcards

Back anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do we have?

A

33

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2
Q

What are the five areas of the spine called?

A 
Cervical 
Thoracic
Lumbar 
Sacrum
Coccyx
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3
Q

How many vertebrae are found in each region of the spine?

A 
Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum- 5
Coccyx - 4
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4
Q

What are the four main regions of a vertebra?

A

Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Spinous process
Transverse process

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5
Q

What three process can be found on the lamina of a vertebra?

A

Spinous
Articular
Transverse

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6
Q

What are the two notches associated with a vertebra?

A

Superior vertebral notch

Inferior vertebral notch

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7
Q

What are the two foramen associated with a vertebra?

A

Vertebral foramen

Intervertebral foramen

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8
Q

What is another name for C1

A

Atlas

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9
Q

What is another name for C2

A

Axis

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10
Q

How do cervical vertebrae differ from other vertebrae?

A

They have a bifid spinous process (bar C1 and C7) and Foramen transversarium (transverse foramen) beside the vertebral body.

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11
Q

What is special about C1?

A

It had no vertebral body

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12
Q

What is special about C2?

A

It has an odontoid process/dens projecting into C1

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13
Q

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from others?

A

Nearly vertical spinous processes and large transverse processes with articular surfaces for ribs.

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14
Q

How do lumbar vertebrae differ from others?

A

Axe like spinous processes and larger vertebral body.

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15
Q

At what level does the spinal cord become the cauda equina?

A

L1/2

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the intervertebral disk?

A

Nucleus Pulposus

Anulus Fibrosus

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17
Q

What kind of joints are found in the spine?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

18
Q

What are the two curves found in the spine?

A

Kyphoidosis- C shaped

Lordosis

19
Q

What holds the vertebrae and intervertebral disks together?

A

Longitudinal ligaments

20
Q

How many layers of intrinsic back muscles are there?

A

Three:
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

21
Q

What two parts make up the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle (feet)

Lamina (arch)

22
Q

How many layers of back muscle are there?

A

3:
Superficial
Intermediate
Intrinsic

23
Q

What do the superficial intrinsic back muscles do?

A

Rotate head

24
Q

What are the two superficial intrinsic back muscles?

A

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

25
Q

Where does splenius capitis originate and insert?

A

C7/T3/4 spinous -> Mastoid process and occipital

26
Q

Where does splenius cervicis originate and insert?

A

T3-6 spinous -> C1-4 transverse

27
Q

What are the three muscles of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles collectively called?

A

Erector spinae

28
Q

What do the erector spinae do?

A

Lateral flexion and extension

29
Q

What three muscles make up the erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

30
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscles originate?

A

Tendon sheath attaching to lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest.

31
Q

Where does the iliocostal muscle insert?

A

RIbs and C transverse. Most lateral erector

32
Q

Where does the longissimus insert?

A

Lower ribs
C2-T12 transverse
Mastoid process
Middle muscle

33
Q

Where does the spinalis insert?

A

C2+T1-8 spinous
Occipital
Smallest and most medial

34
Q

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles collectively called?

A

Transversospinales

35
Q

What three muscles make up the transversospinalis?

A

Semispinosus
Multifidus
Rotatores

36
Q

Where does the semispinosus originate from and insert?

A

C4-T10 transverse -> C2-T4 spinous and occipital.

37
Q

What does the semispinosus do?

A

Rotates spine

38
Q

What do the multifidus and rotatores do?

A

Stabilise spine

39
Q

Where does the multifidus originate and insert?

A

Sacrum, PIS etc -> spinous process of varying vertebrae

40
Q

Where does the rotatores originate and insert?

A

Transverse process of all vertebrae -> Lamina and spinous process of directly superior vertebrae.

MSK (17 decks)

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