Back, spine and spinal cord

Question 1

List the extrinsic back muscles:

Answer 1

levator scapulae
trapezius
rhomboids

Question 2

List the intrinsic back muscles:

Answer 2

erector spinae

transversospinalis

Question 3

How many vertebrae are there at each level?

Answer 3

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal (fused)

Question 4

Which vertebra has the odontoid process?

Answer 4

C2, Axis

Question 5

How is caudal anaesthesia administered?

Answer 5

Injected via the sacral hiatus, into the epidural space

Question 6

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 6

L1/L2

Question 7

Laminectomy is carried out to relieve pressure on spinal cord. How is it performed?

Answer 7

-remove spinous process(es) and adjacent lamina