Bacterial Disease Flashcards
What type of bacteria do you find in the small intestine?
Gram-negative
Give some examples of bacteria and viruses that use the upper respiratory tract as a portal of entry.
Neisseria meningitidis Influenza Parainfluenza Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus
Give some examples of intrinsic bacteria that can infect via the urogenital tract.
E. coli
Klebsiella
Candida
Give some examples of extrinsic bacteria that can infect via the urogenital tract.
Chlamydia
Syphillis
Neisseria gonorrheae
Give examples of bacteria that can infect via broken skin.
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
State some consequences of infection via broken skin.
Abscess formation
Bacteraemia
Necrotic infection
Give some examples of bacteria and viruses that infect via the gastrointestinal tract.
Vibrio cholera Salmonella Listeria Shigella E. coli Campylobacter jejuni
What are some consequences of infection via the gastro-intestinal tract?
Diarrhoea
Bacteraemia/systemic infections
What two main factors affect pathogenecity?
Infectivity and Virulence
Define infectivity.
The ability of a pathogen to establish infection
Define virulence.
The ability of a pathogen to cause disease
Define infectious dose.
Number of bacteria needed to cause infection
Describe how vibrio cholerae causes disease.
It uses its flagella to propel itself into the mucosal membrane of the intestines.
It then begins producing toxins A and B, which bind to GM gangliosides and triggers production of cAMP
This leads to chloride efflux and hence movement of water into the lumen from the cells
State whether each of the following are Gram-positive or Gram-negative:
Shigella - negative Streptococcus - positive Listeria - positive Clostridium - positive Vibrio cholerae - negative E. coli - negative Salmonella - negative Staphylococcus - positive Neisseria - negative Haemophilus influenzae - negative
Give two examples of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter baumanii
