Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Lentiform Nucleus Components

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

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2
Q

Striatum Components

A

Caudate Nucleus

Putamen

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3
Q

Corpus Striatum

A

Caudate Nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

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4
Q

Basal Ganglia Functions (6)

A
  1. Integrates feeling and movement
  2. Initiates internally generated movements
  3. Shifts and smoothes fine motor behavior
  4. Suppresses unwanted motor behaviors
  5. Enhances motivation
  6. Allows feelings of pleasure/ecstasy
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5
Q

Function: Claustrum

A

Regulation of Emotion and Sexual Arousal

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6
Q

Function: Substantia Nigra

A

Neurons are dopaminergic and inhibitory and have many connections to the corpus striatum

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7
Q

Function: Subthalamic Nuclei of Luys

A

Neurons are glutaminergic and excitatory and have many connections to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra

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8
Q

Location: Extra-pyramidal System

A

Motor System

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9
Q

Location: Extra-pyramidal Tracts

A

Reticular Formation of Pons and Medulla

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10
Q

Afferent Fibers (3)

A
  1. Corticostriate Fibers
  2. Nigrostriate Fibers
  3. Striatopallidal Fibers
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11
Q

Neurotranmitters of:

  1. Corticostriate Fibers
  2. Nigrostriate Fibers
  3. Striatopallidal Fibers
A
  1. Glutamate
  2. Dopamine
  3. GABA
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12
Q

Is Dopamine an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

Both!

Dopamine is both an excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic projections excite striatal cells of the direct (excitatory) loop through the D1 receptors in these cells, and they inhibit striatal cells of the indirect (inhibitory) loop through D2 receptors on these cells.


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13
Q

Efferent Fibers (1)

A

Pallidofugal Fibers

Globus Pallidus -> Thalamus

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14
Q

Where do the divisions of these Pallidofugal Fibers pass to?

  1. Ansa Lenticularis
  2. Fasciculus Lenticularis
  3. Pallidotegmental Fibers
  4. Pallidosubthalamic Fibers
A
  1. Thalamic Nuclei
  2. Subthalamus
  3. Terminate in the caudal tegmentum of the midbrain
  4. Subthalamic Nuclei
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15
Q

[Identify]

Quick, lightning-fast movements of face and upper extremities

A

Tic

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16
Q

[Identify]

Oscillatory, rhythmic, regular movement affecting one or more body parts

A

Tremor

17
Q

[Identify]

Involuntary, irregular, purposeless, non- rhythmic, abrupt, rapid, unsustained movements that seem to flow from one body part to another

A

Chorea

18
Q

[Identify]

Slow, writhing, continuous involuntary movement

A

Athetosis

19
Q

[Identify]

Very large amplitude choreic movements of the proximal parts of the limbs causing flinging and flailing of limbs

A

Ballismus

20
Q

[Identify]

Twisting movements that tend to be sustained at the peak of the movement, frequently repetitive and often progress to prolonged abnormal postures

A

Dystonia

21
Q

[Identify]

Sudden, brief, shock-like involuntary movements caused by muscular contractions

A

Myoclonus

22
Q

Clinical Features of Parkinson’s Disease

A

TRAP

o Tremors at rest
o Rigidity
o Akinesia/ bradykinesia
o Postural instability

23
Q

Function: Habenula

A

Food and Water Intake

24
Q

Which thalamic nucleus does not send axons to the cerebral cortex?

A

Reticular Nucleus

25
Q

Two Sensor-Motor Axonal Loops Necessary for Normal Voluntary Movement Involving the Cerebellum and Basal Nuclei

A

Cerebellar-rubro-thalamic-cortico-ponto-cerebellar Loop

Cortical-strial-pallidal-thalamic-cortical Loop