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Flashcards in BASICS Deck (40)
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1
Q

Inactive or stored energy is called __________ energy

A

potential

2
Q

Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of __________ they possess.

A

neutrons

3
Q

Atoms that are unstable and tend to decompose to become more stable are specifically termed __________.

A

radioisotopes

4
Q

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is called the __________.

A

atomic mass number

5
Q

Substances that conduct an electrical current in solution (because they contain ions) are called __________.

A

electrolytes

6
Q

The outermost shell of an atom is called the __________ shell

A

valence

7
Q

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) __________. State the answer in two ways

A

protons; hydrogen ions

8
Q

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called __________

A

monosaccharides

9
Q

The category of organic compounds that are composed of four interconnected rings of carbon atoms is known as __________.

A

steroids

10
Q

The amino acid sequence of a protein is known as its ________ structure.

A

primary

11
Q

The molecule with which an enzyme reacts is a(n) ________

A

substrate (reactant)

12
Q

A liquid in which other substances dissolve is a(n) ________

A

solvent

13
Q

Protons and neutrons are located in the ________ of an atom

A

nucleus

14
Q

Nucleotides are joined by sugar-phosphate bonds to form polymers called __________

A

nucleotides

15
Q

The universal energy compound that provides immediately usable energy to cells is __________

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

16
Q

________ control the rate of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.

A

Enzymes

17
Q

________ are compounds that in solution maintain pH within given limits

A

Buffers

18
Q

A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute

A

solution

19
Q

The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by interactions between _____________ of different amino acids within the polypeptide sequence.

A

R groups

20
Q

The simplest atom containing one proton, one electron, and no neutronsis ____________

A

hydrogen

21
Q

A peptide bond links two __________

A

two amino acids

22
Q

Calcium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect calcium to form ions with a charge of ____________.

A

+2

23
Q

Which type of chemical bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?

A

hydrogen bonds

24
Q

A chain of 100 amino acids would be called a ________

A

polypeptide

25
Q

The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of the __________ structure of a protein

A

secondary

26
Q

) An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ____________

A

14

27
Q

An atom has 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons. The number of electrons in its valence shell is ____________.

A

5

28
Q

Negatively charged atoms are called cations

A

f

29
Q

Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation

A

t

30
Q

Enzymes decrease the rates of chemical reactions.

A

f

31
Q

Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides

A

t

32
Q

The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions

A

f

33
Q

When a solution produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, it is said to be neutral

A

t

34
Q

The hydrolysis of an organic polymer is an example of an exothermic reaction

A

t

35
Q

All atoms of a certain element have the same number of protons, but they can differ in the number of neutrons

A

t

36
Q

The conversion of polysaccharides to monosaccharides is an example of dehydration synthesis

A

t

37
Q

A protein is said to have a quaternary structure when it is composed of two or more polypeptide chains

A

t

38
Q

Matter is most stable when it contains the maximum amount of potential energy.

A

f

39
Q

Lysine is an example of an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain.

A

f

40
Q

The glycocalyx is often referred to as the “cell coat,” which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.

A

f