Benign Leukocytosis- Krafts Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Benign Leukocytosis- Krafts Deck (22)
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1
Q

What are the two types of neutrophilia?

A

Mature (lots of segmented neutrophils)

Immature (lots of immature neutrophils….band cells etc.)

2
Q

Under normal conditions where are most of the neutrophils located?

A

In the bone marrow!!!

3
Q

What percentage of neutrophils are usually in the blood? What do they look like? What does marginated mean?

A
  • 5% of all neutrophils are in the blood
  • Normally only segmented neutrophils
  • Half of the neutrophils are marginated, meaning they sit on the inside of endothelium of vessels waiting to be recruited….Stress can demarginate neutrophils!

(This probably happened a little bit to sym before he got the ear herpes!)

4
Q

Causes of mature neutrophilia?

A
  • Bacterial infection #1 cause!
  • Inflammation
  • Physiologic stuff (stress, hormones)
5
Q

Toxic changes in mature neutrophilia, what do you see?

A
  • Seen only in infection
  • Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies, cytoplasmic vacuolization

-Cytoplasmic vacuolization is most concerning sign….means that the infection is really severe

6
Q

Why do we see toxic granulation?

A

Granulation is retained because the BM is pumping them out into the blood so fast….

7
Q

Causes of Immature neutrophilia?

A
  • Infection (Bacterial)
  • Inflammation
  • Severe anemia
  • Something filling up the BM
8
Q

What are the three forms of immature neutrophilia?

A
  • Left Shift
  • Leukemoid reaction (poopy term…)
  • Leukoerythroblastoic reaction
9
Q

What do you see with leukoerythroblastoic reactions? What should you check with Leukoerythroblastoic reactions?

A
  • Young RBC and WBC
  • Check the Hgb…..if you’re anemic that’s not too bad….if you’re not anemic that means something is filling up the BM pushing cells out too early, THIS IS BAD!!!!
10
Q

Who has a bigger range of “normal lymphocyte count”? Adults or infants?

A

Infants have a larger normal range….# of lymphocytes decreases with age

11
Q

What is the normal immunophenotype of lymphocytes in blood?

A

T Cells: 80%
B Cells: 15%
NK Cells: 5%

12
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytosis?

A

Mature (lots of mature lymphocytes)

Reactive (lots of funny looking lymphocytes)

13
Q

What causes Mature Lymphocytes?

A

THESE ARE THE ONLY 3 CAUSES!
Infections lymphocytosis (viral infection in kids)
Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)
Transient stress

14
Q

What causes the highest count in mature lymphocytes? Middle? Lowest?

A

Infectious is the highest (100)
Bordetella pertussis (55)
Stress (8)

15
Q

Causes of reactive lymphocytosis?

A
  • Infections Mononucleosis
  • Pediatric viral infections
  • Viral hepatitis
  • Immune disorders (autoimmune, vacc rxns, etc.)
16
Q

What do Downey Cells look like? When do we see them?

A

Fried egg appearance with radial striations

Usually see in Mono, but can see in other situations

17
Q

What is the first thing you do if you see an elevated WBC?

A

Determine if it’s benign or malignant…. hard to tell visually

18
Q

Best way to differentiate benign neutrophilia from CML?

A

Cytogenetics

19
Q

Best way to differentiate benign lymphocytosis from CLL?

A

Immunophenotyping….too many B cells in CLL

20
Q

What does it mean when you see basophilia?

A

CML!!!! It is the first sign…..you will ONLY see this in CML!!!

21
Q

Causes of Eosinophilia?

A
  • Drugs
  • Asthma
  • Skin diseases
  • Parasites (unproportionally seen on boards and other tests…way more common are the other causes in RL)
22
Q

Causes of Monocytosis?

A

Infection
Autoimmune disease
Malignancy (Could be due to a solid tumor somewhere else in the body)