Biochemistry in Neoplasia Flashcards Preview

Year 1 CLASP - Cancer > Biochemistry in Neoplasia > Flashcards

Flashcards in Biochemistry in Neoplasia Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is a tumour marker in prostate cancer?

A

PSA.

2
Q

If PSA is elevated what is the next step?

A

Referral to histology for a biopsy.

3
Q

What is AFP used to monitor?

A

Germ cell tumours and HCC.

4
Q

What enzyme goes up in pregnancy and why?

A

ALP as it is found in the placenta.

5
Q

What test could you do to tell if ALP was coming from liver or bone?

A

GGT (if high likely liver mets).

6
Q

What scan could you do to look for bone mets?

A

Isotope bone scan.

7
Q

What are good ways of diagnosing ascites?

A

Serum albumin and ascitic fluid albumin.

8
Q

What type of pleural effusion does malignancy cause?

A

Exudate.

9
Q

When does hypercalcaemia quite often occur and what are the symptoms?

A

In malignancy. Stones, bones, groans (abdominal pain), thrones (polyuria), psychiatric overtones (depression).

10
Q

How do you treat hypercalcaemia?

A

IV fluid and bisphosphonate (stops bone being resorbed).

11
Q

What do some tumours release resulting in hypercalcaemia?

A

PTHrP.

12
Q

When would you suspect that hypercalcaemia is caused by PTHrP?

A

When PTH production is suppressed.

13
Q

Why are few tumour markers used for screening?

A

Their sensitivity is too low.

14
Q

What can cause cushings syndrome related to malignancy?

A

Ectopic production of ACTH.