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Flashcards in Blood Disorders Deck (15)
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1
Q

Anemia categories

A

Erythrocyte disorder (too few)

  1. Blood Loss
  2. Impaired Production
  3. Hemolysis (destruction)
2
Q

Symptoms of all anemias

A

Increase CO and respiration rate

Fatigue, vertigo, headaches

3
Q
  1. Blood Loss Anemia
A

ACUTE:

  • Causes hypovolemia (restores 1-2 days)
  • decreased platelets
  • increased neutrophils w/ LEFT shift (increased BAND cells)
  • morphology changes (anis, poik, macro, nucleated)

CHRONIC:

  • delayed symptoms
  • normocytic / hypochromic
  • increased platelets
  • leukopenia
4
Q
  1. Impaired Production Anemia
A

IDA Iron Def Anemia

Megaloblastic Anemia (Pernicious A, FA A)

5
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Loss exceeds intake and Fe stores depleted

Hypochromic + Microcytic

Growth spurt, gastrectomy, sprue = causes

Symptoms: paresthesia, burning tongue, cheilosis, pica, dysphagia, koilonychia

Blood = everything low, leukocytes normal

6
Q

3 Stages of Fe Deficient Anemia

A

1) Fe Depletion
2) Fe Deficiency Erythropoeisis
3) Fe Deficiency Anemia

7
Q

Megoblastic Anemia

A

FA or B12 Deficiency

  • Macrocytic Ovalocytes + hypersegmented neutrophils
8
Q

B12 Deficiency

A

Maturation Factor

Present in Animal Tissue

9
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

Manifestations: Glossitis, Cheilosis, Dyspnea, Abdomen pain, P+L demylination

  • lack of intrinsic factor, which transfers B12, made by parietal cells
  • cure = intramuscular injection
10
Q

FA Deficiency

A
  • Diet - body only stores 3 month supply
  • Rare in US due to high milk intake
  • Alcoholism is a cause
11
Q

What is Aplastic Anemia?

A

Bone marrow and blood stem cells are damaged; unable to generate mature blood cells

Deficiency of ALL blood cell types (PANCYTOPENIA)

  • RBC (anemia)
  • WBC (leukopenia) –> infection risk
  • Platelets (thrombocytopenia) –> bruising, hemorrhage, petechia
12
Q

Causes of Aplastic Anemia

A

50% idiopathic
Infection (Hep B, C)
SLE
Drugs

13
Q

Lab Findings for Aplastic Anemia

A
  • Pancytopenia
  • RBC = normal morph + anis + poik
  • WBC = granulocyte decrease
  • Serum Fe increased
14
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia

A

Bone marrow produces sideroblasts due to reduced hemoglobin synthesis

Causes:

  • Genetic (X linked) = rare
  • Acquired (myeloma, leukemias, RA, SLE)

Enlarged organs, leading to disease

LOTS of lab findings - sideroblasts, stippling, target, basophilic, anis, poik, ferritin

15
Q

Hemolytic Anemia

A
  • ## Intravascular (in blood vessels) or Extravascular (elsewhere)