Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Blood Flow, Etc Flashcards Preview

My NBCE Part 1 - Cardiovascular Physiology > Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Blood Flow, Etc > Flashcards

Flashcards in Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Blood Flow, Etc Deck (39)
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1
Q

Sympathetic control of heart is between which vertebral levels?

A

T1-T4/5

2
Q

What sympathetic ganglia control heart rate?

A

Middle and inferior cervical

3
Q

Sympathetic does what in the heart?

A

Increases rate of contraction, speed of conduction, and force of contraction

4
Q

Increase speed on conduction aka?

A

+ dromotropism

5
Q

Increase speed of contraction aka?

A

+ chronotropism

6
Q

Increase force of contraction aka?

A

+ inotropism

7
Q

How is the parasympathetic control of heart done?

A

Via vague nerve cardiac branches

8
Q

What happens to hear under parasympathetic control?

A

Decreased rate of contraction, speed of conduction, and force of contraction.

9
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control increases/decreases HR by increasing/decreasing which phase?

A

Phase 4

10
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control increases/decreases conduction velocity by increasing/decreasing what?

A

PR interval

11
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control increases/decreases force of contraction by increasing/decreasing what in which phase?

A

Ca++ influx

Phase 2

12
Q

Blood pressure =

A

CO X peripheral resistance

13
Q

CO is the product of what?

A

Stroke Volume X HR

14
Q

CO = 70 ml X 70 beats/min = what?

A

5 liters/min

15
Q

Blood pressure may be affected by what three things?

A

HR
Peripheral resistance
Stroke volume

16
Q

What are two mechanisms of BP control. Which is fast and which is slow? Why?

A

baroreceptors - fast - neurotransmitter

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone - slow - hormonal dependent

17
Q

Where are baroreceptor located?

A

Carotid sinus and aortic arch

18
Q

Baroreceptor sense what?

A

High pressure

19
Q

Baroreceptor relay info via what? To where?

A

Afferent in CN IX and X

medulla

20
Q

A drop in BP will cause heart rate to do what?

A

increase

21
Q

An rise in BP will cause heart rate to do what?

A

decrease

22
Q

The reflex response to a rise or drop in BP is via what?

A

autonomic nervous system

23
Q

Where are low pressure baroreceptor located?

A

SVC, IVC, and right atrium monitors

24
Q

Poiselle’s Law: Peripheral resistance (PR) is directly proportional to what?

A

Viscosity of blood and length of vessel

25
Q

Poiselle’s Law: PR is inversely proportional to what?

A

Radius of vessel to the 4th power

26
Q

If blood vessel radius decreases by half then …

A

Resistance increases by a factor of 16

27
Q

The greatest resistance in the vascular system is offered by what?

A

arterioles

28
Q

What law states that pressure within a blood vessel is related the tension, size, and shape of the vessel?

A

La Place’s Law

29
Q

La Place’s law governs what?

A

Blood flow through a tubular structure

30
Q

Blood flow is _______ proportional to the diameter of the blood vessel.

A

inversely

31
Q

Blood flow in a normal vessel is _____ and _____.

A

Smooth and laminar

32
Q

As the diameter of a vessel becomes smaller, resistance is ________.

A

increased

33
Q

What percentage of blood flow is in the venous system at any one time?

A

60%

34
Q

% in the artery system at any one time?

A

40%

35
Q

What percentage blood is in the arteries and arterioles?

A

20%

36
Q

What percentage of blood is in the pulmonary system?

A

15%

37
Q

What percentage of blood is in capillaries?

A

5%

38
Q

Blood flow is greatest where?

A

Arteries and veins

39
Q

Blood flow is least where?

A

capillaries