Bone and Joint infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles of inflammation?

A

Rubor, calor, dolor, tumor, functio laesa

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2
Q

What are the most useful blood tests in infection?

A

CRP

PV

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3
Q

What are ocassionaly useful blood tests in infection?

A

Blood cultures
WBC
ESR

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4
Q

What are relevant infections in bones and joints?

A
Acute osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis
Septic arthrtitis
Soft tissue infections
Infected arthroplasty
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5
Q

How does acute osteomyelitis occur?

A

Mostly post-traumatic/ open fracture causes inoculation of bug

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6
Q

Who is most at risk for acute osteomyeltiis?

A

Children of immunosuppressed = haematogenous

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7
Q

What bacteria commonly cause actute osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus

Haemophilus in children

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8
Q

What occurs in chronic osteomyeltiis?

A

Bone abscess causes dead and dying bone aroun it (sequestrum)

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9
Q

What is septic arthritis?

A

From inoculation
Metaphyseal spread
Direct haematogenous
Commonly streptococcal septic arthrtis

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10
Q

What is the maintstay of treatment for cellulitis?

A

Cover staph and strep - fluxcloxacillin and benzylpenicillin

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11
Q

What are the principles of treatment of infection?

A

Biopsy and debriement

If there is pus, let it out

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12
Q

What investigations should be done to diagnose an infected arthroplasty?

A

CRP
Joint aspiration
Bone scan
X-ray

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13
Q

How sucessful is surgery in the control of infected arthroplasties?

A

Two stage revision 80-90% control of infection

Depends on the bug, the host and the quality of surgical excision

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14
Q

What prophylaxis can be done to prevent infected arthroplasties?

A
Clean air theatres - laminar flow
Local antibiotics
Systemic antibiotics
Duration of surgery 
Quality of hand washing
Theatre discipline
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15
Q

What antibiotics are given prophylacticaly in joint replacement surgery?

A

Co-amoxiclav
Flucloxacillin + gent
Clindamycin
Co-trimaxazole

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