Bone regeneration and fracture healing Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Bone regeneration and fracture healing Deck (23)
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1
Q

Under the right conditions, bone has remarkable repair and regeneration potential

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

2
Q

What does fracture regeneration provide the bone?

A

Provides the bone true functional restoration to initial tissue structure

3
Q

What 3 features is fracture regeneration dependent on?

A

Immobilisation

Fracture gap size

Soft tissue support - including vascularisation

4
Q

What is the approximate time a fracture takes to heal?

A

10 weeks

5
Q

What are the 3 types of facture healing?

A

Spontaneous (indirect/secondary) healing

Contact (angiogenic/primary) healing

Gap healing

6
Q

What is the most common healing process?

A

Spontaneous healing

7
Q

What type of fractures triggers spontaneous healing?

A

Fractures where:

Fracture ends are placed close to each to other

Intervening haematoma

Variable displacement and/or angulation

8
Q

What initiates sponatenous healing?

A

Pluriportent mesenchymal cells

Initiate the formation of healing tissues

Forms bridging callus that can be seen on radiographs

9
Q

What are sources of mesencymal stem cells?

A

Periosteum

Endosteum

Harvesian canals

10
Q

What type of fracture triggers contact healing?

A

Adapted fragments

Less than 0.1 mm distance

Neutralisation of interfragmentary strain

Stable internal fixation

11
Q

Describe the process of contact healing

A

Osteoclast form cutting cones

These traverse the fracture line at 50-100 um/day

Capillaries enter the bone

Osteoblast form lamellar bone oriented parallel to the bone length (Haversian remodelling)

12
Q

What is a way to distinguish spontaneous healing from contact healing?

A

Type of callus formed

Spontaneous healing - formation of bridging callus

Contact healing - formation of irritation callus

13
Q

What is Haversian remodeling?

A

Osteoblast form lamellar bone primarily oriented in the right direction

14
Q

Describe the process of gap healing

A

Internal fixation contains a gap

Lamellar bone is deposited perpendicular to the long axis

This process continues until the gap has been filled

Remodeling happens once this gap is filled

Haversian remodeling

Complete fracture healing occurs

15
Q

What are complications of fracture healing?

A

Delayed union

Non-union

Malunion

Refracturing

Osteomyelitis

16
Q

What is delayed union?

A

Fracture healing takes twice as long as expected for a location

17
Q

What is another name for nonunion?

A

Pseudoarthosis

18
Q

What is non-union

A

Fracture healing does not occur within 6-9 months

19
Q

In which bones is non-union common?

A

Scaphoid bone

Femoral neck

Tibial shaft

20
Q

What is malunion?

A

Healing of bones in the wrong position

Partly compensated for by remodeling (except for rotational malunion)

21
Q

What leads to a higher risk of refracturing?

A

Fixation material should be moved within 18 moths after consolidation fracture

Cortical atrophy leads to higher risk of refracturing

22
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Infection of the bone

23
Q

What is an example of osteomyelitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

80-90% of all infections