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Neurology > Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is a glioma?

A

A malignant tumour of epithelial origin

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2
Q

What type of brain tumour is associated with neurofibromatosis?

A

Glioma

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3
Q

Which is the only way by which gliomas tend to spread?

A

Direct extension - they virtually never spread to beyond the CNS

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4
Q

Name two types of gliomas

A

Astrocytoma

Oligodendroglioma

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5
Q

What stage is a glioblastoma multiforme?

A

4

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6
Q

Are grade 1 astrocytomas benign or malignant?

A

Benign

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7
Q

What is the treatment for a grade 1 astrocytoma?

A

Surgery - curative

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8
Q

Who most often gets pliocytic astrocytomas? Where do they most often occur?

A

Children

Cerebellum

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9
Q

What four locations do pilocytic astrocytomas occur?

A

Optic nerve
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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10
Q

How do low grade astrocytomas most commonly present?

A

Seizures

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11
Q

What is the treatment for grade 2 astrocytomas?

A

Surgery +/- radio/chemo therapy depending on the molecular profile

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12
Q

What is another name for a grade 2 astrocytoma?

A

Glioblastoma

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13
Q

What is the normal survival time for a glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Less than 1 year

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14
Q

What is the normal survival time for an anaplastic astrocytoma?

A

2 years

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15
Q

In what lobes do oligodendoglial tumours most commonly occur?

A

Frontal

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16
Q

How do oligodendroglial tumours present usually?

A

Seizure

17
Q

Which type of brain tumour tends to have peripheral calcification?

A

Oligodendroglial tumour

18
Q

What is the treatment for oligodendroglial tumours?

A

Chemotherapy (Procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine) and surgery
Radiotherapy helps in decreasing seizures.

19
Q

What is the median survival for an oligodendoglial tumour?

A

10 years

20
Q

What is the treatment for grade III and IV astrocytomas?

A

Non curative surgery (increases survival quality)
External beam radiation
Chemo ( Temozolomide, PCV, Carmustine wafers)

21
Q

What are the common presenting symptoms of meningiomas?

A

Headaches
Cranial nerve neuropathies (if on base of skull)
Regional anatomical disturbance

22
Q

Are meningiomas most commonly benign or malignant?

A

Benign

23
Q

What are the four types of aggressive/malignant meningiomas?

A

Clear cell
Chordoid
Rhabdoid
Papillary

24
Q

A 56 year old women has a CT scan after suffering debilitating and constant headaches. On the CT you see a densely enhanced homogenous lesion with oedema around it and hyperostosis.

A

Meningioma

25
Q

What is hyperostosis?

A

Excssive growth of bone

26
Q

Where is the most common place for neurofibromas to occur?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

27
Q

A patient is confirmed to have bilateral acoustic neuromas. What underlying condition might he have?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

28
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

A neurofibroma of the VIIIth nerve sheath

Neurology (45 decks)

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