Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the derivatives of the mesencephalon?

A

midbrain

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2
Q

What are the derivatives of the metencephalon?

A

pons and cerebellum

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3
Q

What are the derivatives of the myelencephalon?

A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

What is the brain stem made up of?

A

the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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5
Q

Which crainial nerves does the brainstem give rise to?

A

CN III- CNXII

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6
Q

Where is the rostral colliculus located?

A

in the mid brain

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7
Q

What nucleus communicates with the rostral colliculus?

A

the lateral geniculate nucleus

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8
Q

What is the rostral colliculus in charge of?

A

visual reflexes - body and ocular, and pupillary dilation

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9
Q

Where is the caudal colliculus located?

A

in the mid brain

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10
Q

What nucleus communicates with the caudal colliculus?

A

the medial geniculate nucleus

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11
Q

What is the caudal colliculus in charge of?

A

the auditory reflex - the startle reflex

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12
Q

What part of the brain stem are the cerebellar peduncles part of?

A

the pons

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13
Q

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

A

three tracts made up of cerebellar afferent and efferent fibers

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of peduncular lesions?

A

ataxia, intention tremor, circling, and spontaneous oscillation of the eyes

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15
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata located?

A

caudal to the cerebellar peduncle and rostral to the spinal cord

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16
Q

Where is the crus cerebri located?

A

in the mid brain

17
Q

What is the crus cerebri made up of?

A

cerebral motor tracts

18
Q

What cranial nerves does the midbrain give rise to?

A

CN III - oculomotor and CN IV - trochlear

19
Q

What cranial nerve does the pons give rise to?

A

CN V - trigeminal nerve

20
Q

What is the medulla oblongata made up of?

A

pyramid and trapezoid body

21
Q

What is the pyramid?

A

nothing but a descending cerebral motor tract

22
Q

What type of structure is the trapezoid body?

A

auditory

23
Q

What cranial nerves does the medulla oblongata give rise to?

A

CN VI-CN XII

24
Q

What type of matter are the nuclei of the brain stem made up of?

A

grey matter

25
Q

What is the general structure of the nuclei of the brain stem?

A

segmented, various size and shape

26
Q

What type of matter are the tracts of the brain stem made up of?

A

white matter

27
Q

What can the tracts of the nervous system originate from?

A

the cerebral cortex, brain stem, or spinal cord

28
Q

What type of matter is the reticular formation made up of?

A

both grey and white

29
Q

Where is the motor tract of the hypoglossal nerve located?

A

in the pyramid

30
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve control?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

31
Q

What is the reticular formation in charge of?

A

consciousness and has visceromotor centers

32
Q

What do the visceromotor centers of the reticular formation control?

A

micturition, respiratory, cardiovascular, swallowing, and vomiting