Breast Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is breast tissue?

A

A highly modified sweat gland

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2
Q

Where does the breast extend vertically?

A

2/3rd to 6th rib

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3
Q

Where does the breast extend horizontally?

A

From sternal edge to midaxillary line

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4
Q

What does the breast lie on?

A

The Deep Pectoral Fascia

1/3rd lies on the Fascia over the serratus anterior instead

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5
Q

What part of the breast extends towards the axillary fossa?

A

Axillary Tail/process

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6
Q

What allows movement of the breast?

A

The retromammary bursa/space

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7
Q

What holds the breast to the skin?

A

Suspensory ligament of cooper

Supports the lobules by firmly anchoring them to the dermis

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8
Q

How do breast secretions get from lobules to the surface?

A

Each lobule drained by a lactiferous duct –> Dilated lactiferous sinus –> Opens individually onto the nipple

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9
Q

At what level are the nipples?

A

4th intercostal space (though highly variable)

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10
Q

How do we divide up the breast when describing locations of abnormalities?

A

Into 4 quadrants:

Superolateral, superomedial etc.

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11
Q

What different about the male breast?

A

Made up of small ducts without lobules or alveoli and little fibroadipose support tissue

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12
Q

How do breasts develop?

A

4th wk = mammary crests appear from axillary to inguinal region

Crests disappear (except in pectoral region)

Primary mammary buds –> 2nd* buds –> Lactiferous ducts & branches

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13
Q

List the major Developmental abnormalities of the breast

A

Gynaecomastia
Polymastia (extra breast) & polythelia (extra nip)
Athelia or Amastia

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14
Q

What arteries supply the breast?

A

Branches of axillary, internal thoracic and intercostal arteries:

  • Thoracoacromial art
  • Lateral thoracic artery
  • Internal mammary art
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15
Q

Where do the breasts get sensory fibres from?

A

Ant & Lat cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves (so T4-6)

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16
Q

Where do breasts get sympathetic supply to the blood vessels and smooth muscle of nips?

A

Also from the ant & lat cutaneous branches of the 4-6th intercostal nerves

17
Q

Where does lymph from the breasts go?

A

Lateral –> Axillary & some supraclavicular

Medial –> Parasternal or opp breast

18
Q

How do we look for lymphatic spread in breast cancer?

A

Sentinel node biopsy

Inject a radiolabelled colloid & dye into breast and trace it to the first node

19
Q

How do breasts change at puberty?

A

This is when the alveoli form and lactiferous ducts branch

Also accumulate lipids

20
Q

How do breasts change at menopause>?

A

lobules/ducts progressively atrophy and the glandular tissue is replaced by fat

21
Q

How do breasts change during pregnancy?

A

Lobules enlarge
Acini dilate
Milk production

22
Q

What tests do we have for breast pathologies?

A

Mammography & Us
FNA cytology
Core biopsy

23
Q

Classic signs of breast carcinoma?

A
  • dimpling
  • Abnormal contours
  • Nipple retracted or deviated
  • Skin Oedema (orange peel)