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Biology GCSE > Breathing System > Flashcards

Breathing System Flashcards

0
Q

Alveoli look a bit like …

A

A bunch of grapes

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1
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

The small flap of skin that closes over the trachea when you swallow

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2
Q

The alveoli have a huge _________ ______

A

Surface area

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3
Q

As blood flows through the capillary past the alveolus, __________ _________ moves from the blood plasma into the air space in the alveolus

A

Carbon dioxide

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4
Q

The wall of the alveolus is only one ______ thick this means diffusion can take place more easily

A

One cell thick

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5
Q

Alveoli = a ______ exchange site

A

Gas

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolus because the _______________ of carbon dioxide in the blood plasma is greater than in the alveolus

A

Concentration is greater

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7
Q

As carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolus, __________ diffuses out

A

Oxygen

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9
Q

When oxygen diffuses out of the alveolus it combines with haemoglobin to form _________________

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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9
Q

Alveoli contain stretch receptors so that they can’t _____________

A

Overstretch

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10
Q

How are alveoli adapted for diffusion (4)

A

Densely covered in blood capillaries (good blood supply)
Grape-like clusters = large surface area
Walls are moist and permeable = easy for gasses to dissolve
Cells are one cell thick

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11
Q

Why are the walls of alveoli lined with a surfactant

A

So that they don’t stick together

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13
Q

Is the air we breather out is warmer or cooler than the air we breathe in?

A

Warmer

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14
Q

How is the nose helpful to the breathing system

A

Small hairs - stop dust/particles entering

Mucus - traps particles/bacteria

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15
Q

What is the trachea

A

The tube which is connected to the lungs

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16
Q

How is the trachea helpful to the breathing system

A

Ciliated epithial cells
Mucus producing cell
C-shaped rings of cartilage

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17
Q

Why does co2 diffuse from the blood into the alveolus

A

Because there is a higher concentration of co2 in the blood plasma

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18
Q

Once air travels through the trachea, it enters the ____________ which are the main passageways to the __________

A

Bronchi

Lungs

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19
Q

There is more ___________ in the air we breathe in than the air we breathe out

A

Oxygen

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20
Q

There is the same amount of ______________ in the air we breathe out than the air we breathe in

A

Nitrogen

21
Q

Breathing in is also known as ___________

A

Inspiration

22
Q

Breathing out is also known as ___________

A

Expiration

23
Q

When you breathe IN your ribs move up and out because your external intercostal muscles and diaphragm ___________ and therefore the volume of the thorax ____________. This means that the air pressure inside the thorax is ________than the air pressure outside so air moves _______ the lungs

A

Contracts (and flattens)
Increases
Lower
Into

24
Q

When you breathe OUT your ribs move down and in because your external intercostal muscles and diaphragm _____________. Therefore the volume of the thorax _______________. This means that the air pressure inside the thorax is _______ than the air pressure outside so air moves the __________ the lungs

A

Relax ( and Dome-shaped)
Decreases
Higher
Out of

25
Q

Effects of smoking (3)

A

Smoke damages alveoli which drop in surface area which decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood
Difficulty breathing
Tar irritates bronchi encouragin mucus to be produced which cannot be swept away
A build up of tar in the smokers lungs leading towards lung cancer
Tobacco contains carcinogens which lead to cancer
Carbon monoxide
Addiction

26
Q

Why is nicotine addictive

A

It increases levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. This produces feelings of enjoyment and motivation

27
Q

What is the effect of smoking while pregnant on birth weight

A

Just 1 cigarette a day can increasingly drop the weight of the baby

28
Q

Why does smoking while pregnant lead to an underweight child

A

The baby does not receive enough oxygen

29
Q

Carbon monoxide in cigarettes combines with haemoglobin to form ______________________. This binds more tightly than oxygen so blood carries less _______________ around the body

A

Carboxyhaemoglobin

Oxygen

30
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Breathing rate increases

A

Short term

31
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Increased tidal volume

A

Long term

32
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Breathing more efficient

A

Long term

33
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Respiratory muscles grow stronger

A

Long term

34
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Increased number of alveoli

A

Long term

35
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Pulse increases

A

Short term

36
Q

Short or long term effect on exercise: Co2 concentration in veins increases

A

Short term

37
Q

Name the apparatus used to measure breathing

A

Spirometer

38
Q

Anaerobic respiration in muscles equation:

A

Glucose —> lactic acid (+ energy released)

39
Q

Which type of respiration produces more energy

A

Aerobic

40
Q

How much energy do the 2 types of respiration produce

A

Aerobic: 38ATP
Anaeorbic: 2ATP

41
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

A

Glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol (+ 2ATP)

42
Q

What does Co2 make bread do

A

Rise

43
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration not release as much energy

A

Because the glucose is not completely broken down

44
Q

Give 3 things that the body uses the energy obtained in respiration for

A

Moving
Breathing
Active transport

45
Q

When doing exercise, muscles need to be supplied with _____________ and _____________

A

Oxygen

Glucose

46
Q

____________ respiration uses lots of oxygen

______________ respiration uses no oxygen at all

A

Aerobic respiration uses lots of oxygen

Anaerobic respiration uses no oxygen at all

47
Q

What is respiration

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose - this happens in every living cell

48
Q

What are the pleural membranes

A

Layers which protect the lungs

Biology GCSE (28 decks)

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