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Pharmacy BSI > BSI 2 Lecture 13: Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

BSI 2 Lecture 13: Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum between the lungs

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2
Q

The heart is just superior to the _____.

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

What cavity is the heart located in?

A

The pericardial cavity

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4
Q

What shape does the heart have?

A

A cone shape

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5
Q

How do you distinguish the orientation of the heart?

A

The base is the broad area of the heart (top of the cone), and the apex is the pointy area of the heart (bottom of the cone).

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6
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart

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7
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

The outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer.

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8
Q

What is the outer parietal layer composed of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the inner visceral layer composed of?

A

Epithelial cells

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10
Q

What do the epithelial cells of the inner visceral layer secrete?

A

pericardial fluid

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11
Q

What is the pericardial fluid?

A

It reduces friction between the layers

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12
Q

What two chambers of the heart can be found towards the top?

A

The right and left atria

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13
Q

What two chambers can be found towards the bottom?

A

The right and left ventricle

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14
Q

What is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria?

A

Interatrial septum

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15
Q

What openings can be found in the right atrium?

A

1) Opening of coronary sinus
2) Opening of inferior vena cava
3) Opening of superior vena cava

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16
Q

What openings can be found in the left atrium?

A

The openings of the left pulmonary veins

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17
Q

What is the wall that separates the two ventricles?

A

The interventricular septum

18
Q

What are papillary muscles?

A

They are muscles found in the ventricles that attach to the atrioventricular valves to prevent inversion or prolapse of the valves during systole

19
Q

What are the chordae tendineae?

A

They are cord like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves

20
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

The visceral layer of pericardium

21
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

The middle layer of the heart that contains the cardiac muscle tissue

22
Q

What is the myocardium also known as?

A

The heart wall

23
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

It’s the inner most layer of the heart

24
Q

What is the endocardium composed of?

A

A thin layer of endothelium over a thin layer of connective tissue

25
Q

What is the endocardium continuous with?

A

The vessels that open into heart chambers

26
Q

What does the endocardium line?

A

The entire cardiovascular system

27
Q

What valve connects the right atrium and ventricle

A

The tricuspid valve

28
Q

What type of valves are the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?

A

Atrioventricular valves

29
Q

What valve connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?

A

The pulmonary valve

30
Q

What type of valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves?

A

Semilunar valves

31
Q

What valve connects the left atrium and ventricle?

A

The bicuspid or mitral valve

32
Q

What valve connects the left ventricle to the aorta?

A

The aortic valve

33
Q

What do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus do?

A

Bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium

34
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries blood out of the left ventricle to the body

35
Q

What arteries branch off of the ascending aorta?

A

The left and right coronary arteries

36
Q

What branches off of the left coronary artery?

A

The anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch

37
Q

What branches off of the right coronary artery?

A

The posterior interventricular branch and the marginal branch

38
Q

What branches off of the arch of the aorta?

A

The brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

39
Q

What branches off of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

40
Q

What does the descending aorta divide into?

A

The left and right common iliac

41
Q

What is the conduction system of the heart?

A

1) SA node
2) AV node
3) Bundle of His
4) Right and left bundle branches
5) Perkinje fibers

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

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