BSI 2 Lecture 24: Hypertension

Question 1

What is the most common cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

What numerical value in blood pressure defines hypertension?

Answer 2

BP greater than 140/90

Question 3

What is the most common hypertension in patients?

Answer 3

Primary

Question 4

What causes primary hypertension?

Answer 4

the cause is unknown and difficult to identify

Question 5

What causes secondary hypertension?

Answer 5

Know cause like NSAIDs, caffeine, ephedrine, etc.

Question 6

What are the neuronal mechanisms that contribute to hypertension?

Answer 6

Overstimulation of the SNS and disturbances in baroreceptor reflex

Question 7

What are the peripheral autoregulatory mechanisms?

Answer 7

Kidneys reset equilibrium point for appropriate blood volume to a higher level to increase blood volume

Question 8

What are the humoral factors?

Answer 8

Increased activation of the RAAS, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia

Question 9

What are the vascular endothelium mechanisms?

Answer 9

Deficiency of vasodilator substances and increased production of vasoconstriction substances

Question 10

What are the risk factors for hypertension?

Answer 10

1) Aging
2) Excessive dietary salt intake
3) Race
4) BMI >30
5) Genetics
6) Insulin resistance
7) Cigarette smoking
8) Alcohol
9) Lack of exercise
10) Oral contraceptives
11) Low potassium levels

Question 11

What can hypertension lead to?

Answer 11

Acceleration of atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy/dysfunction

Question 12

What are the main causes of death in hypertensive patients?

Answer 12

Stroke, atherosclerosis with resulting MI, heart failure, renal failure

Question 13

What are the pharmacological therapies?

Answer 13

1) ACE inhibitors
2) ARBs
3) Renin inhibitors
4) Aldosterone antagonists
5) B-blockers
6) Calcium channel blockers
7) Diuretics
8) Arteriolar vasodilators