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Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 1 Organelle Functions > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 1 Organelle Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane

A
  1. selective barrier between internal and external environment
  2. composed of lipid bilayer; contains membrane proteins and cholesterol
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2
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles

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3
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

serves as a scaffold that helps to determine a cell’s shape and to organize the cellular contents

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4
Q

Actin

A
  1. subunit: actin protein
  2. controls cell structure/shape
  3. essential for movement of whole cells (cell crawling)
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5
Q

Intermediate filaments

A
  1. most durable
  2. provide cells with mechanical strength
  3. the proteins that make up intermediate filaments are cell-type specific
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6
Q

Microtubules

A
  1. subunit: tubulin
  2. grow and radiate out from the centrosome
  3. constantly dissembling and reassembling-very dynamic
  4. anchors organelles
  5. act as a guide for intracellular transport. Kinesin and dynein are two motor proteins that walk along the microtubules carrying cargo
  6. form mitotic spindle during mitosis
  7. form cilia and flagella
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7
Q

Nucleus

A
  1. location of DNA containing the majority of a cell’s genes
  2. controls cellular structure
  3. directs cellular activity
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8
Q

Nuclear envelope

A
  1. inner nuclear membrane which is in contact with nuclear lamina
  2. Outer nuclear membrane which is continuous with ER
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9
Q

Nuclear lamina

A
  1. filamentous network of protein (lamins) within nucleus
  2. binds to chromatin and inner membrane of nuclear envelope
  3. gives structural support to the nuclear envelope
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10
Q

Nuclear pores

A
  1. site of all traffic between nucleus and cytoplasm
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11
Q

Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC)

A
  1. composed of more than 50 proteins called nucleoporins
  2. small water-soluble molecules can freely diffuse through
  3. larger molecules (RNA, protein) are regulated
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12
Q

Nucleolus

A
  1. cluster of protein, DNA, and RNA within nucleus

2. Where transcription of rRNA genes and assembly of ribosomes occurs

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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

membranous sacs continuous withe outer membrane of nuclear envelope

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14
Q

Rough ER

A
  1. site of protein synthesis for transmembrane proteins, secretory proteins, and most proteins stored in the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endosomes
  2. site of phospholipid synthesis
  3. site of glycosylation
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15
Q

Glycosylation

A
  1. promotes protein folding
  2. can make proteins more resistant to proteolysis
  3. plays a role in cell-cell recognition
  4. plays a role in cell-cell adhesion
  5. plays a role in cell signaling
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16
Q

Smooth ER

A
  1. site of fatty acid and steroid synthesis
  2. site of drug inactivation and detoxification of other harmful substances
  3. calcium storage
17
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. modifies proteins (glycosylation)
  2. packages and transports proteins received from the rough ER (forms secretory vesicles for proteins to be exocytosed; forms membranes vesicles that ferry new molecules to plasma membrane; forms transport vesicles that carry molecules to other organelles)
  3. stack of membranous sacs (cis face and trans face)
18
Q

Mitochondria

A
  1. energy production (ATP production)
  2. calcium homeostasis
  3. plays role in apoptosis (cell suicide)
  4. contains circular DNA with genes encoding some proteins that function in the mitochondrion
19
Q

Lysosomes

A
  1. contain digestive enzymes

2. digestion of particles and organelles (autophagy), or other cells (phagocytosis)

20
Q

Peroxisomes

A

contains enzymes that breakdown lipids and destroy toxic molecules by oxidation

21
Q

Centrosome

A
  1. builds microtubules (component of cytoskeleton)

2. forms mitotic spindle during cell division

22
Q

Levels of Body Organization

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal

23
Q

Chemical Level: Element types?

A

Carbon, Calcium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur

24
Q

Elements come together to form what?

A

Macromolecules

25
Q

Name the 4 types of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

26
Q

Cellular Level: 3 Facts

A
  1. Smallest living unit of the body
  2. Disease due to cellular processes gone wrong
  3. Drugs act at cellular level (binds to proteins and receptors)
27
Q

Tissue Level: Define

A

Groups of cells work together to perform a particular function

28
Q

Cellular Level: Define

A

Basic structural and functional unit of organism

29
Q

Identify the 4 types of tissue

A

Nervous, Muscle, Connective, Epithelial

30
Q

Organ Level: Define

A

A structure of two or more tissues working together

31
Q

Organ Systems Level: Define

A

Group of related organs that have a common function

32
Q

12 Organ Systems

A

Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal, Integumentary, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Endocrine, Digestive, Urinary, Immune, Lymphatic, Reproductive

33
Q

3 Components of Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol, Cytoskeleton, Organelles

34
Q

Types of Cytoskeleton

A

Actin (Microfilaments), Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules

35
Q

Actin: Composition?

A

Two-stranded filament made of actin protein.

Pharmacy BSI (58 decks)

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