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Pharmacy BSI > BSI Lecture 23 Apoptosis > Flashcards

BSI Lecture 23 Apoptosis Flashcards

1
Q

T or F? Cell death need to balanced in an adult organism

A

True

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2
Q

Which way is a messy cell death?

A

Necrosis

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3
Q

The “messy way of dying”

A

Necrosis

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4
Q

Necrosis is cell death due to ____ or _____ insult

A

injury; severe

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5
Q

Which way of cell death leads to cell and organelles welling and rupturing, releasing intracellular contents?

A

Necrosis

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6
Q

T or F; Apoptosis induces an inflammatory response.

A

False, necrosis

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7
Q

Which cell death is always pathological cell death?

A

Necrosis

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8
Q

______ causes damage and/or cell death to surrounding tissue

A

Necrosis

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9
Q

T or F? Necrosis only occurs externally on the body.

A

False, can occur inside the body

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10
Q

Which way is a neat/quiet cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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11
Q

Cell death is tightly regulated in ______

A

Apoptosis

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12
Q

Cell suicide is _______

A

Apoptosis

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13
Q

Cell suicide is executed via specific ________ ________

A

Signaling pathways

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14
Q

Are these characteristics of apoptosis or necrosis: nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, intracellular contents contained within cell, membrane blebbing?

A

Apoptosis

  1. Cell Shrinks
  2. Condensation of nucleus
  3. DNA fragments into oligonucleosomes
  4. Membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies ingested by neighboring cells or macrophages.
  5. No inflammatory response
  6. Death of a single cell
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15
Q

How does phosphatidylserine play a part in apoptosis?

A

It is usually found in the intracellular face of the membrane. apoptosis will cause it to be displayed externally, signalling for it to be eaten.

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16
Q

_______ is a characteristic pattern of DNA fragmentation that occurs during apoptosis.

A

Oligonucleosomes

17
Q

T or F? Webbing between digits in developing embryo is an example of too much apoptosis.

A

False, too little

18
Q

“________” neurons undergo apoptosis to match number of nerve cells to number of target cells.

A

Excess

19
Q

T or F? Role of apoptosis in health includes

  1. Epidermal cells migrating from the geminal layer to the surface
  2. Epithelial lining of GI tract
  3. Neutrophils during acute inflammatory response
  4. Shedding of endometrium during menstruation
  5. Killing abnormal cells that may be harmful to organism
A

True

20
Q

How does apoptosis play a role in aging?

A

Increased apoptotic potential in many cell types (ie.

a. Loss of cardiac myocytes
b. Loss of skeletal myocytes
c. Loss of neurons
d. Chondrocyte apoptosis in articular cartilage
e. Many other tissues

21
Q

T or F? over 50% of the know diseases are due to too much or too little apoptosis.

A

True

22
Q

Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson), too much or too little apoptosis?

A

Too much

23
Q

Ischemic Disease (myocardial infarction, stroke), too much or too little apoptosis?

A

Too much

24
Q

Autoimmune disease, too much or too little apoptosis?

A

Too little apoptosis of immune cells which then go around the body and induce apoptosis in healthy tissue cells, which otherwise should not be undergoing apoptosis.

25
Q

Cancer, too much or too little apoptosis?

A

Too little

26
Q 
Which external stimulus can induce apoptosis
A. Withdrawal of growth factors
B. Cytokines
C. Detachment from extracellular matrix
D. Cytotoxic T cells
E. Various Toxins
F. All of the above
A

All the above

27
Q

T or F? DNA damage is an external stimuli that triggers apoptosis.

A

False, internal

28
Q

________ __________ is characterized by decreased ATP production and excessive free radical production and damage

A

Mitochondrial dysfunction

29
Q

T or F? Stimuli that induces apoptosis as well as resistance to apoptosis can vary between cell types.

A

True

30
Q

How are caspases typically activated?

A

cleavage

31
Q

Capsases are ________

a. Proteases
b. Proteasomes

A

proteases

32
Q

Capsases are __________ of apoptosis.

A

executioners

33
Q

_________ cleaves a variety of proteins of the cell that will lead to the characteristic of apoptosis.

A

Caspases

34
Q

Where are the capsases location in the cell?
A. mitochondria
B. cytosol
C. rough ER

A

cytosol

35
Q

______ are synthesized as proenzymes-inactive precursors.

A

Caspases

36
Q

In order to activate a caspases, the pro-domain has to be _______.

A

cleaved

37
Q

T or F? The pre-caspase is cleaved a total of 3 times.

A

False, 2 times. First is the pro-domain, 2nd forms the small and large subunit.

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