BSI Lecture 63 Neuroanatomy 2

Question 1

Which regions of the spinal nerves have “enlargements” and why?

Answer 1

Cervical and lumbar (to cope with the extra innervation required for the limbs

Question 2

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 2

31

Question 3

What side of the spinal cord does sensory/afferent information enter through?

Answer 3

The dorsal/posterior surface

Question 4

What side of the spinal cord do the motor/efferent commands exit through?

Answer 4

The ventral/anterior surface

Question 5

What are the 5 regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 5

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Question 6

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

Answer 6

8

Question 7

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

Answer 7

12 (same as the number of ribs)

Question 8

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many vertebrae are in the sacral region?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal region?

Answer 10

1

Question 11

What are the three meninges moving from inside to out?

Answer 11

pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

Question 12

What partially divides the spinal cord?

Answer 12

The posterior median sulcus and the anterior median fissure

Question 13

Dorsal/posterior horn is composed of interneurons receiving ______ information

Answer 13

sensory

Question 14

Ventral/anterior horn is composed of the cell bodies of _______ innervating skeletal muscle.

Answer 14

motorneurons

Question 15

The lateral/intermediate horn contains neurons receiving _____ sensory information and preganglionic _____ motorneurons.

Answer 15

Visceral/visceral

Question 16

What is somatotopy?

Answer 16

spinal nerves innervating a specific, defined region of the body known as dermatomes

Question 17

What are the names of the ascending sensory pathways?

Answer 17

Dorsal white column
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 18

Which ascending tracts carries proprioception information to the cerebellum?

Answer 18

Posterior spinocerebellar and anterior spinocerebellar tract (ipsilateral)

Question 19

Which tract carries pain and temperature information to the somatosensory cortex but with poor discrimination?

Answer 19

Lateral spinothalamic tract (contralateral)

Question 20

What type of information does the DC convey?

Answer 20

Fine touch, pressure, and conscious aspects of proprioception. These are discriminating senses, the exact location is known.

Question 21

What are the names of the descending tracts?

Answer 21

Lateral reticulospinal tract
Lateral corticospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Medial reticulospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract

Question 22

What are the 2 types of the motor pathway?

Answer 22

Pyramidal tracts and extrapyramidal

Question 23

Which motor tract(s) control precise and skilled voluntary movements initiated in the primary motor cortices?

Answer 23

Anterior and lateral corticospinal tract

Question 24

Which extrapyramidal tract originates from the brainstem?

Answer 24

Vestibulospinal, lateral, and medial reticulospinal, the tectospinal and rubrospinal (originates in the midbrain)(these produce movements that are subconscious and coarse)

Question 25

How do the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts communicate with each other?

Answer 25

The pyramidal neurons project to the extrapyramidal nuclei.