[C] 1.8 Irradiations and electricity as cause of disease Flashcards Preview

Pathology A - General Pathology > [C] 1.8 Irradiations and electricity as cause of disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in [C] 1.8 Irradiations and electricity as cause of disease Deck (32)
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1
Q

Electricity as a cause of disease

A
  • Touching/biting a wire
  • Hit by lightning bolt
  • Death = Electrocution
2
Q

Give the influencing factors of electrocution

A

Influencing factors

  • Current intensity, voltage, duration, earthing
  • Resistance of the body (skin, wet ground)
3
Q

As voltage increases…

A

Resistance decreases

4
Q

Which current is most dangerous?

A

Alternating current

not direct current

5
Q

Medium amperage causes…

A

Disturbances

  • Brain = Loss of consciousness
  • Heart failure = Cardiac arrest
6
Q

Give the pathological signs of electrocution

A
  • Entry: Current marks and arboreal patterns
  • The cavity between str. corneum and str. spinosum (of skin)
  • Electrolytic effect (direct current)
  • Metallisation
  • Spastic contractions
  • Mechanical changes - secondary shock wave
7
Q

Arboreal patterns from electrocution are caused by…

A

m. erector pili

8
Q

Electrolytic effect

A

Coagulation, necrosis of tissues

9
Q

Metallisation

A

Dispersed metallic particles

10
Q

Spastic contractions are due to which nerve?

A

Vagus

11
Q

Mechanical changes from electrocution

A
  • Fractures of bones
  • Ruptures etc.
12
Q

Irradiation energy

A
  • Electromagnetic rays
    • Ultra-short waves
    • Infrared waves
    • Visible rays
    • Ultraviolet rays
  • Ionising rays
13
Q

Ultra-short waves

A

Microwaves - warming

14
Q

Infrared waves

A
  • Warm surface radiations
  • Capillary dilation - increased metabolic processes
15
Q

Visible waves

A

Have psychological effect

16
Q

UV waves

A

Biologically pathogenic effect

  • Endangered organs: eyes, skin
  • Carcinogenic effect
  • Photosensibilisation alkaloids in the food
  • Photochemical reactions (Vit D)
  • Sunlight - dermatitis solaris
17
Q

Ionising rays

A

Can be positive or negatively charged

  • Effect: Dose, ionisation, penetrability
  • Cosmic rays
  • Particular radiations
  • EM rays (X- and Gamma)
  • Abnormal cell division
18
Q

Ionising radiations with pathogenic effects

A
  • Alpha - Greatest ionising ability - low penetrability
  • Beta - Lower ionising ability - High penetrability
19
Q

Irradiation sickness is split into…

A
  • Phase I
  • Phase II
  • Phase III
  • Phase IV
20
Q

Pase I irradiation sickness

A

Initial phase after 1-2 hours

  • Dizziness
  • Vomiting
  • Exhaustion
  • Anorexia
  • Nervousness
  • Alopecia
21
Q

Pase II irradiation sickness

A

Latent phase

  • 1-2 days without signs
22
Q

Pase III irradiation sickness

A

Sickness - After a week

  • Bone marrow lesions: Hemopoietic insufficiency
  • No phagocytosis, no antibody production
23
Q

Pase IV irradiation sickness

A

Breakdown - 4-5 months later

  • Diarrhoea
  • Anaemia
  • Kidney & liver failure
  • Malignant tumours
24
Q

Lesions of radiation in lymphocytes

A
  • Lymphopenia
  • Smaller lymph nodes
25
Q

Lesion of radiation in bone marrow

A

Hypoplasia

26
Q

Lesions of radiation in testicles/ovaries

A
  • Atrophia
  • Fibrosis
27
Q

Lesion of radiation in the lens

A

Opacity

28
Q

Lesions of radiation in the skin

A
  • Ulcers
  • Tumors
29
Q

Lesions of radiation in cartilage

A
  • Retarded growth
  • Malformation of the legs
30
Q

Lesions of radiation in the fetus

A

Developmental anomalies

31
Q

Meteoropathology

A

Hot/cold fronts

  • Is there a connection between the fronts and diseases?
    • Colic in horses
    • Erysipelas in pigs
32
Q

External causes of diseases

A
  • Physical effects
  • Chemical effects
    • Toxicosis
  • Biological effects
    • Infectious agents
    • Virus, bacteria, fungi, prions, protozoa

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