C7 Flashcards
To boss C7
What type of molecule is an alkane?
A fully saturated hydrocarbon.
What is the general formula for an alkane?
C n H 2n+2
Name the first four alkanes.
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane
Alkanes combust to give…
… Carbon dioxide and water
How reactive are alkenes?
Very (they’re unsaturated i.e. C=C double bonds)
How can you differentiate alkanes and alkenes?
Bromine water test - Alkanes stay the same but alkenes form two clear layers (bromine water + haloaklane)
What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic compounds?
Aliphatic compounds are straight, aromatic compounds are circular chains.
What is the functional group in alcohols?
-OH (hydroxyl group)
Describe the relative reactivity of water, alcohols and alkanes with sodium.
Water - forms sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. very reactive.
Alkanes - not much happens. Unreactive.
Alcohols - slow reaction but sodium ethoxide/methoxide is produced along with hydrogen.
What are some uses of alcohols?
Cleaning, antibacterials, fuel, fragrance, getting plastered…
What is the functional group in a carboxylic acid?
-COOH (carboxyl group)
How can esters be produced?
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid -> Ester + hydrogen
How can ethanoic acid be produced?
Oxidation of hydrocarbons (low efficiency) or Monsanto process (high efficiency, ethanoic acid heated with carbon monoxide)
What are the requirements for ethanol production via fermentation?
30 degrees C, pH 4, and no oxygen should get into the process to avoid ethanoic acid production
What are the requirements for ethanol production via biomass?
35 degrees C, pH 6