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Flashcards in Cardio Symposium Secondary Hypertension Deck (24)
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1
Q

Conn’s Syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) Pathology

A

Excessive secretion of aldosterone of the adrenal gland

2
Q

Conn’s Syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) Signs and Symptoms

A

Musclular weakness due to hypokalaemia, hypertension due to salt and water retention

3
Q

Conn’s Syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) Tests

A

Function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

→ CT scan to help localise the adenoma

4
Q

Conn’s Syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) Treatment

A

Surgical removal

Spironoacetone (Potassium-sparing diuretic)

5
Q

Renal artery stenosis Pathology

A

Stenosis of the renal artery may be caused by atherosclerotic plaques. It results in activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

6
Q

Renal artery stenosis Signs and Symptoms

A

Symptoms and signs of atherosclerosis e.g. bruit over affected artery
ACE inhibitors may reduce renal perfusion and precipitate renal failure

7
Q

Renal artery stenosis Tests

A

Angiography

8
Q

Renal artery stenosis Treatment

A

Angioplasty and stenting or surgery

9
Q

Pre-eclampsia Pathology

A

Placental ischaemia results in release of agents that cause endothelial dysfunction.

10
Q

Pre-eclampsia Signs and Symptoms

A

Hypertension proteinuria +/- oedema occurring after week 20 of pregnancy

11
Q

Pre-eclampsia Tests

A

Liver function, renal function, platelet count and uric acid

12
Q

Pre-eclampsia Treatment

A

Antihypertensives, magnesium.

May required urgent delivery

13
Q

Phaeochromocytoma Pathology

A

Catecholamine secreting tumour often located in the adrenal medulla

14
Q

Phaeochromocytoma Signs and Symptoms

A

Paroxysmal (episodic) hypertension, pallor, palpitations, anxiety and abdominal pain

15
Q

Phaeochromocytoma Tests

A

24hr collection of urine to screen or elevated levels of catecholamine metabolites CT scan to help locate tumour.

16
Q

Phaeochromocytoma Treatment

A

Treatment with alpha- and beta adrenoceptor antagonists.

Surgical removal

17
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome Pathology

A

Inappropriate elevation of free corticosteroids e.g. by and adrenal tumour

18
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome Signs and Symptoms

A

Moon face, acne, hirsutism, buffalo hump, centra obesity and striaeMoon face, acne, hirsutism, buffalo hump, centra obesity and striae

19
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome Tests

A

Cortisol levels, urinary cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test CT scanning to help locate tumour.

20
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome Treatment

A

Surgical removal

21
Q

Coarctation of the aorta Pathology

A

Narrowing of the aorta most commonly where the ductus arteriosus joins aorta

22
Q

Coarctation of the aorta Signs and Symptoms

A

Raised blood pressure in upper limbs.
Systolic mumur heard posteriorly.
Weak femoral pulses and delayed in comparison to the radial pulses

23
Q

Coarctation of the aorta Tests

A

Notching of under surface of ribs due to collaterals

24
Q

Coarctation of the aorta Treatment

A

Surgical correction

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