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Flashcards in CBR Deck (80)
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1
Q

primary function of lymphatic system

A

control concentration of protein in interstitial fluid

2
Q

what artery sits on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney

A

arcuate artery

3
Q

function of sweat glands

A

regulate body temp

4
Q

greatest percentage of co2 is transported as what in blood

A

bicarbonate

5
Q

control systems function to minimize changes in the __ to maintain homeostasis

A

internal environment

6
Q

what initiates coagulation cascade

A

thromboplastin

7
Q

what causes fluid to flow through the capillary pores into the bowmans capsule

A

hydrostatic pressure gradient in glomerular cavity

8
Q

lymphatic tissue is predominatly found where

A

skin and gut

9
Q

what is a anticoagulant produced in the liver

A

heparin

10
Q

what electrolyte is lost in hyperhydrosis

A

sodium

11
Q

edema is caused by what

A

increased venous pressure

12
Q

why is formation of ammonia in the renal tubules important

A

conserves the bodies fixed alkalitity

13
Q

what are a few anticoagulants

A

heparin
antithrombin
dicourmoral

14
Q

what is not considered an anticoagulant

A

accelerator globulin

15
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

16
Q

parent cell of thrombocyte

A

megakaryocyte

17
Q

dehydration causes a increase in what secretion

A

ADH

18
Q

normal specific gravity of urine

A

1.005 - 1.025

19
Q

what is the end product of protein metabolism present in the urine

A

uric acid

20
Q

where is there a brush border in the kidney

A

PCT

21
Q

total volume of water in the body may be increased via what method

A

increasing electrolyte retention

22
Q

glucose will be secreted in the urine when the blood glucose is over ___

A

180 ml/dl

23
Q

extracellular edema is caused by what

A

lymphatic obstruction
or
increased capillary pressure / permeability

24
Q

protoplasmic streaming is another word for

A

amoeboid motion

25
Q

why is the urine protein free

A

protein does not pass through the glomerulus walls

26
Q

what WBC is normally most numerous

A

neutrophil

27
Q

what makes heparin an anticoagulant

A

blocks prothrombin to thrombin conversion

28
Q

what does bradykinin do

A

increase vascular permeability
increase pain levels
increasae vasodilation

NOT increase prothrombin secretion

29
Q

glomerular filtration is decreased by what condition

A

increased plasma protein concentration

30
Q

sodium citrate does what to blood when added

A

prevents blood clotting by

binding with calcium ions in the blood

31
Q

what determines amount of blood in the liver

A

hepatic venous pressure

32
Q

ADH helps conserve total body water by incorporating water channels in what part of the kidney

A

collecting ducts

33
Q

protein osmotic pressure of blood depends on what

A

albumin

34
Q

fluid movement across semipermeable membrane toward an area of higher concentration of a non diffusable substance is called

A

osmosis

35
Q

capillary walls are impermeable to what

A

proteins

36
Q

what is diluting segment of kidney

A

ascending loop

37
Q

what is secreted by cells of DCT

A

potassium

38
Q

what will not cause edema

A

high protein in the blood

39
Q

what is average water loss per day by urination

A

1500 cc

40
Q

what is regulated by the kidney

A

total blood volume

41
Q

tubular filtrate has greatest osmolarity on which side

A

at the tip of the loop of henle

42
Q

what increases sodium resorption in collecting ducts

A

increased aldosteone

43
Q

what step in clotting cascade is promoted by vitamin K

A

prothrombin formation by the liver

44
Q

RBCs enter circulation in which form

A

reticulocyte

45
Q

what organ or tissue is responsible for regulation of osmotic pressure in body fluids

A

kidney

46
Q

what accelerates clotting

what does not

A

thromboplastin, thrombin, and heat

not - decalcifying agents

47
Q

which substance has the greatest renal clearance

A

urea

48
Q

which is most apt to produce the lowest renal filtration fraction for glucose

A

hypoglycemia

49
Q

what does not involve the movement of water across a membrane

A

active transport

never moves water across membrane

50
Q

what is the major buffer of the blood

A

sodium bicarbonate

51
Q

what is the main organic component of urine

A

urea

52
Q

what helps play role in the acid base balance

A

lungs
kidney
adrenal glands

NOT - liver

53
Q

what does not play a factor in cell permeability

A

size of cell or surface area of membranes

54
Q

what electrolytes is more abundant intracellular than extra

A

potassium

55
Q

what do diuretics act on

A

act on DCT

56
Q

water returns to of circulation from interstitial fluid via what method

A

osmotic pressure pushes water through fenestration of the venous capillary beds

57
Q

what regulates rate of GFR

A

glomerular capillary pressure

58
Q

proteins are absorbed from the lumen of small intestine as

A

amino acids

59
Q

pernicious anemia may result from damage to what

A

gastric mucosa

60
Q

calcium absorption on GI is increased by what vitamin

A

vitamin D

61
Q

cholesterol is eliminated from the body how

A

feces

62
Q

amino acid absorption in the jejunum occurs how

A

cotransport with glucose

63
Q

pepsin and trypsin are

A

proteolytic enzymes

64
Q

how are proteins absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the body

A

proteins are not absorbed by intestines

amino acids are tho

65
Q

describe sodium taurchlorate

A

it is a bile salt

66
Q

what is the inactive form of salivary amylase that is store in the gland cells

A

ptyalinogen

67
Q

what increases gastric mobility

A

gastrin

68
Q

presence of fat in the small intestine stimulates release of what

A

esterogastrone which

inhibits gastric motility and secretion

69
Q

bacterial action in the intestines leads to formation of what

A

vitamin k
vitamin b6
riboflavin

NOT - carotene

70
Q

proteolytic enzyme most important in digestion of collagen

A

pepsin

71
Q

ph of gastric juices during digestion

normally

A
  1. 5 - during digestion

1. 5-3.5

72
Q

what is the source of bile

A

breakdown of RBC

73
Q

what is primary activator of zymogen secretion

A

ACH

74
Q

iron absorption is enhanced when

A

body converts ferrous iron to ferric iron

75
Q

site of fat digestion

A

duodenum

76
Q

what occurs during intestinal phase of gastric function

A

gastric emptying is inhibited

77
Q

color of feces results from what

A

derivative of bilirubin

78
Q

diasacharride hydrolysis occurs due to action of what enzymes

A

enzymes in brush border of small intestine

79
Q

what is most potent stimulus of secretin

A

low ph

80
Q

where are chylomicrons produced in the GI tract

A

enterocytes