Cell Growth and Division Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Cell Growth and Division Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is the point of cell division?

A
  • Growth.
  • Replacement of dead/damaged cells.
  • Production of gametes.
2
Q

What are the 2 main types of cell division?

A

1) . Mitosis.

2) . Meiosis.

3
Q

What is the result of mitosis/meiosis?

A

1) . Mitosis =
- genetically identical diploid cells.
2) . Meiosis =
- genetically different haploid cells.

4
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

A

1) . Interphase.
2) . Mitosis.
3) . Cytokinesis.

5
Q

What are the different phases of the interphase?

A
  • G1 (growth, duplication of organelles).
  • S (DNA replication).
  • G2 (further growth and checking of content).
6
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

1) . Prophase.
2) . Metaphase.
3) . Anaphase.
4) . Telophase.

7
Q

What is the prophase?

A
  • Chromatin condenses to chromosomes (become the shape).

- Splitting occurs in the centromere, forming a chromosome.

8
Q

What is the metaphase?

A
  • Nuclear envelope disappears.

- Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.

9
Q

What is the anaphase?

A
  • Chromatids separate by the centromeres dividing.

- Centromeres that hold the chromatids together break apart.

10
Q

What is the telophase?

A
  • Cytoplasm divides.

- Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin (like the beginning).

11
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm divides and 2 separate cells form.

12
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are in each cells?

A

23 pairs, except in sex cells (haploid)

13
Q

Simplify the stages of mitosis?

A
  • P(rophase) = Pairs of chromosomes become visible.
  • M(etaphase) = chromosomes line up in middle of the cell.
  • A(naphase) = chromosome pulled apart.
  • T(elophase) = 2 nuclear membranes formed.
14
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division that occurs during spermatogenesis and oorgenesis.

15
Q

What happens when 2 haploid cells (sperm/egg) come together?

A

Make a diploid (zygote) cell with 46 chromosomes (23 from each cell making 23 pairs).