Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System Flashcards Preview

Neurology > Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System Deck (25)
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1
Q

What does a typical neuron consist of?

A

Multiple dendrites

One axon.

2
Q

How does impulse transmission by can action potential travel?

A

In one direction from cell body to synaptic terminal.

3
Q

What are some typical characteristics of a neurone?

A

Long living
Amitotic (divide without producing chromosomes)
High metabolic rate
Nucleus made of loose chromatin.

4
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

Increase conduction speeds in axons.

5
Q

How is the myelin sheath formed?

A

Schwann cells in PNS

Oligodendrocytes in CNS.

6
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A

Interneurons and motor neurons.

7
Q

What are bipolar neurone?

A

Olfactory mucosa

Retinal nerve fibres.

8
Q

What are pseudounipolar neurones?

A

Sensory neurons.

9
Q

What are Glial cells?

A

Support cells.
Non-excitable
Much smaller than neurons but more of them.

10
Q

Name some different types of glial cells?

A

Satellite cells - surround neuronal cell bodies in PNS.
Schwann cells - myelination in PNS.
Astrocytes - have end feet. Surround synapses and capillaries. Help in K+ buffering.
Oligodendrocytes - myelination in CNS.
Microglia- Phagocytosis and scar tissue formation in CNS.
Ependymal cells - line ventricles.

11
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A

Protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment and prevents harmful amino acids and ions in the blood, entering the brain.

12
Q

Where is the blood brain barrier absent?

A

Parts of hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.

13
Q

Where do the lateral ventricles lie?

A

Cerebral hemispheres.

14
Q

What connects the lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen

15
Q

Where does the 3rd ventricle lie?

A

Diencephalon.

16
Q

Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?

A

Midbrain.

17
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle lie?

A

Hindbrain.

18
Q

What is the outermost meninges covering the CNS?

A

Dura mater - tough and fibrous with dural folds.

19
Q

What is the middle meninges covering the CNS?

A

Arachnoid mater - vascularised.

20
Q

What is the innermost meninges covering the CNS?

A

Pia mater - vascularised and dips into the folds of the brain.

21
Q

Which space contains CSF?

A

Subarachnoid.

22
Q

What is present within the subdural space?

A

Blood vessels that penetrate the CNS.

23
Q

What sis the function of CSF?

A

Maintenance of intracranial pressure.

24
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

By choroid plexus within each ventricle.

25
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

By arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus.