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Neuroanatomy > Cells of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cells of the Nervous System Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is the name for cells that are specialised for rapid communication?

A

Neurons

2
Q

Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites occur in what type of matter?

A

Gray matter

3
Q

What does white matter consist of?

A

Axons

4
Q

What do the axons consist of within the white matter?

A

Myelin sheaths

5
Q

What is the function of myelin sheaths in axons?

A

Increase the velocity of conduction

6
Q

The fastest signals, known as action potentials are carried in the surface membrane of what?

A

Axons

7
Q

Where do neurons communicate with one another?

A

Synapses

8
Q

What are the glial cells?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia

9
Q

Astrocytes occur throughout what?

A

The brain stem and spinal cord

10
Q

What do oligodendrocytes produce?

A

Myelin

11
Q

What glial cell becomes phagocytes when local injury of inflammation occurs?

A

Microglial cells

12
Q

What are the neuroglia cells of the PNS in nerves?

A

Schwann cells

13
Q

What are the neuroglia cells of the PNS in ganglia?

A

Satellite cells

14
Q

What are the two classes of cells found in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and nerve cells

15
Q

What matter makes up the CNS?

A

Gray and White matter

16
Q

Which matter are nerve cell bodies lacking?

A

White matter

17
Q

The part of the cell that includes the nucleus is called?

A

Cell body

18
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Short branching processes that receive signals from other neurons

19
Q

What conducts impulses away from the cell body?

A

Axons

20
Q

Where do efferent axons end?

A

Striated muscle fibers

21
Q

The large neurons of a nucleus are called?

A

Principle cells

22
Q

Myelin is laid down in the PNS by?

A

Schwann cells

23
Q

Myelin is laid down in the CNS by?

A

Oligodendrocytes

24
Q

Interruptions in the myelin sheath is called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

25
Q

A nerve fiber consists of?

A

The axons and the surrounding myelin sheath

26
Q

What is ependyma?

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium that lines the ventricular system