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Flashcards in Cerebral Cortex Deck (12)
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1
Q

What is the main feature that distinguishes the mammalian CNS from that of lower vertebrates?

A

The cerebral cortex

2
Q

What distinguishes the CNS of higher primates from those of other mammals?

A

Cortical association areas

3
Q

What do association fibers do?

A

They connect cortical areas within the same hemisphere (eg., the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the cingulum)

4
Q

What do commissural fibers do?

A

They project to homologous areas in the opposite hemisphere (eg., the posterior commissure, anterior commissure, and the corpus callosum)

5
Q

What do projection fibers do?

A

They project to subcortical areas, including the thalamus (eg., corticospinal tract, corticobulbar tract, corticothalamic tract)

6
Q

What are the six layers of neocortex?

A

I: Molecular; 2: External granule; 3: External pyramidal; 4: Internal granule; 5: Internal pyramidal; 6: Multiform

7
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the molecular layer of the neocortex?

A

Inputs: Brainstem monoamine neurons
Outputs: None

8
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the external granule cell layer of the neocortex?

A

Inputs: Layer III association and commissural neurons from other areas of cerebral cortex
Outputs: Local pyramidal neurons in layers III and V

9
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the external pyramidal granule cell layer of the neocortex?

A

Inputs: Local granule cells in layer II
Outputs: Association and commissural fibers that innervate granule cells in layer II of other areas of cerebral cortex

10
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the internal granule cell layer of the neocortex?

A

Inputs: thalamic neurons
Outputs: Local pyramidal neurons in layers III and V

11
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the internal pyramidal cell layer of the neocortex?

A

Inputs: Local granule cells in layer II
Outputs: Projection fibers that leave the cerebrum

12
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of the multiform layer of the neocortex?

A

Inputs: Local granule cells in layers II and IV
Outputs: corticothalamic fibers