Cerebral hemispheres Flashcards Preview

Year 2 Neuro (JK) > Cerebral hemispheres > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cerebral hemispheres Deck (49)
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1
Q

What are the dips, elevations and larger dips of the brain called?

A

sulci, gyrus and fissures

2
Q

Is the grey or white matter on the surface of the brain?

A

grey

3
Q

What are basal ganglia?

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in white matter

4
Q

What does the median longitudinal fissures separate?

A

the 2 hemispheres

5
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

bridge between the 2 hemispheres which helps with communication

6
Q

What type of fibres are found in the corpus callosum?

A

commissural

7
Q

What is the fissure between the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

transverse fissure

8
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

9
Q

What 2 lobes does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

frontal and temporal

10
Q

What lobes do the central sulcus separate?

A

frontal and parietal

11
Q

How are the parietal and occipital lobes separated?

A

on the medial surface by the parieto-occipital sulcus

12
Q

What system is the hippocampus a part of?

A

limbic

13
Q

Insula

A

part of cerebral cortex folded deep within lateral sulcus

14
Q

Generally is the front or back of the brain sensory?

A

sensory at the back of the brain and motor infront

15
Q

What is the medial part of the brain concerned with - what is this system called?

A

limbic system - storage and retrieval of processes memories

16
Q

Name the 4 lobes and their main functions

A

frontal - motor function and intellect
parietal - somatosensory eg general sensory
temporal - smell and hearing
occipital - visual

17
Q

What is the job of association areas of the brain?

A

make sense of the incoming information

18
Q

What area is in the precentral gyrus - number and function

A

4 - primary motor cortex

19
Q

What is area 44,45 known as and where is it located?

A

inferior central gyrus - brocas area for motor speech

20
Q

What are some functions of the prefrontal cortex?

A

cognitive functions of higher order eg intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

21
Q

What is a motor and sensory homunculus?

A

used to demonstrate the precentral and postcentral gyrus - areas of body with how much of cortex is associated - nothing to do with size all about how much fine tuning is required

22
Q

Post central gyrus - numbers and functions

A

3,1,2 - primary sensory area

23
Q

What area of the parietal lobe is the sensory association area?

A

superior parietal lobule

24
Q

Function of inferior parietal lobule

A

global association area - close to visual and auditory areas
contributes to language in dominant hemisphere

25
Q

What can a parietal lobe lesion lead to?

A

hemisensory neglect

26
Q

Primary auditory cortex - numbers and where is it found

A

41,42 - superior temporal gyrus

27
Q

What hemisphere is Wernicke’s area only found in and what is its function?

A

dominant hemisphere - make sense of language

28
Q

What is the inferior surface of the temporal lobe concerned with?

A

smell - fibres from olfactory tract

29
Q

Area 17 of occipital lobe is..

A

primary visual cortex

30
Q

Area 18 and 19 of occipital lobe is..

A

visual association areas

31
Q

Limbic lobe - function and location

A

emotion and memory

medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

4 components making up the limbic system

A

hippocampus
parahippocampal gyrus
cingulate gyrus
amygdala

33
Q

brocas and wernickes area

A
brocas = motor speech area 
Wernicke's = auditory association area used to recognise words found in dominant hemisphere
34
Q

Aphasia definition

A

problem with speech due to damage to 1 or more speech areas

35
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

loss of small words, recognises problems, paralysis of same side of body, understands speech, frontal lobe damage

36
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

a lot of words used out of context - fancy speech

does not recognise problem, no paralysis, temporal lobe damage

37
Q

3 types of white matter tracts

A

commissural
association
projection

38
Q

Commissural fibres

A

connect the 2 hemispheres - corpus callosum

39
Q

Association fibres

A

connect parts of the same hemisphere and can be short or long

40
Q

projection fibres

A

between cortex and subcortical centres

internal capsule

41
Q

Where is the internal capsule found?

A

between thalamus and caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

42
Q

Blood supply of the internal capsule and the clinical significance

A

Branches of middle cerebral artery

commonly affected by stroke

43
Q

name the basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putramen, substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei

44
Q

What forms the lentiform nucleus?

A

globus pallidus and putamen

45
Q

Where is the substantia nigra found?

A

midbrain

46
Q

Main function of basal ganglia

A

the termination and initiation of movements

47
Q

Give an example of a disease which may be concerned with pathology of basal ganglia?

A

parkinsons

48
Q

What basal ganglia are regarded as input nuclei and where are the inputs from?

A

caudate nucleus and putamen from thalamus, motor cortex and premotor cortex

49
Q

What basal ganglia are the output regions?

A

globus pallidus and substantia nigra

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