Cerebral Localization Flashcards Preview

Neuro Final Exam > Cerebral Localization > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cerebral Localization Deck (29)
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0
Q

How many layers are found in the archicortex?

A

3 cell layers

1
Q

What is the neuron that is unique to the cerebral cortex?

A

Pyramidal cell

2
Q

How many layers are found in the neocortex?

A

6 cell layers

3
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the occipital lobe- primary visual cortex?

A

Blindness

4
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the occipital lobe- visual association cortex?

A

Visual agnosia (not knowing)

5
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the occipital lobe- fusiform face area?

A

Prosonpagnosia- cannot recognize faces

6
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the superior parietal lobe?

A

Tactile agnosia and astereoagnosia

7
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the inferior parietal lobe?

A

Apraxia- inability to carry out learned motor act

Gerstmann’s syndrome- finger agnosia, difficulty in reading and writing, left right confusion.

8
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the dorsolateral temporal lobe?

A

Involves loss of auditory comprehension

9
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (area 22)?

A

Wernicke’s receptive aphasia: free flowing speech with no content.

10
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the inferior temporal gyri?

A

Memory loss: this is the source of info that is feeding into the hippocampal memory system.

11
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the medial temporal lobe?

A

Amnesia ( important for memory)

12
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the lateral frontal lobe primary motor area?

A

Contralateral paralysis- especially of hand

13
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the lateral frontal lobe promotor area?

A

Contralateral paresis of upper arm

14
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the medial aspect of the motor areas?

A

Contralateral paralysis of leg

15
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the supplemental motor area?

A

Akinesis- loss of the ability to initiate movement.

Mutism- loss of ability to initiate speech.

16
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

Problems with working memory and planning motor responses.

17
Q

What are the effects of a lesion in the supraorbital prefrontal area?

A

Hyperactivity, impulsiveness, inappropriate behavior; this region is a repository for rules regarding socially acceptable behavior.

18
Q

What is prosonpagnosia?

A

Lesion in the FFA resulting in the inability to recognize faces.

19
Q

What is tactile agnosia?

A

Lesion in the superior parietal lobe resulting in the inability to recognize objects by touch.

20
Q

What is optic ataxia?

A

Lesion in the superior parietal lobe resulting in the loss in ability to direct hand to object in nearby space.

21
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Lesion in the inferior parietal lobule resulting in the inability to carry out learned motor acts.

22
Q

What is Gerstmann syndrome?

A

Lesion in the inferior parietal lobule resulting in finger agnosia, difficulty in reading and writing, and left- right confusion.

23
Q

What is amnesia?

A

Lesion in the medial temporal lobe causing memory loss.

24
Q

What is Wernicke’s receptive aphasia?

A

Lesion in the posterior superior temporal gyrus resulting in free flowing speech with no content.

25
Q

What is contralateral paralysis?

A

Lesion of primary motor area resulting in paralysis of the opposite side of the lesion, especially the hand.

26
Q

What is akinesis?

A

Lesion of the supplementary motor area causing a loss in the ability to initiate movement.

27
Q

What is mutism?

A

Lesion in the supplementary motor area resulting in a loss of ability to initiate speech (dominant side).

28
Q

What is Broca’s expressive aphasia?

A

Lesion in the dominant hemisphere Broca’s area (BA 44 & 45) resulting in jerky, halting speech with content. In addition, aphasia (disturbance in language) may occur.