Cervical Spine Flashcards Preview

Orthopedic Diagnosis > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cervical Spine Deck (30)
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1
Q

Anterior Cervical Osteophytes

A

Common bony growths on the front of the spine

occasionally will push against the back of the throat and make swallowing difficult

2
Q

Unilateral Facet Dislocation

A

the superior facet of the contralateral side moves anterior-superior over the tip of the inferior articular facet of the involved side, resulting in placement in the intervertebral foramen anterior to the inferior facet

3
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

serve as the principal routes of entry and exit for the neurovascular systems to and from the vertebral canal
vulnerable to narrowing with certain motions of ostephyte growth

4
Q

Cervicothoracic junction

A

comprises the C7-T1 segment

forms the thoracic outlet through which the neurovascular structures of the upper extremities pass

5
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

narrower in the upper c spines but wider in the lower c spine than in the thoracic

6
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

the ligament is broader and considerably thicker in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions

7
Q

torticollis

A

aka wry neck
etiology varies and often cannot be defined
often associated with injury to SCM on one side
the muscles transformation into a fibrous cord that cannot lengthen

8
Q

Whiplash syndrome

A

Hyperextension followed by hyperflexion
dynamic injuries to the spine cause a genuine pathological insult that causes prolonged distress and disability, often lasting for several years of after the accident

9
Q

SCM

A

largest muscle in the anterior neck

Motor supply is from the accessory nerve and sensory from C2 and C3

10
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

major stabilizer and elevator of the superior angle of the scapula

11
Q

Clay Shoveler’s Fracture

A

a type of hyperflexion avulsion injury
fracture of the spinous process at the base, caused by sudden exertions of the muscular attachments and can be caused by flexion injuries

12
Q

where does a clay shoveler’s fracture most commonly occur?

A

C7 > C6 > T1

13
Q

Scalenes

A

extend obliquely like a ladder and share a critical relationship with the subclavian artery
adaptive shortening of these muscles will affect mobility in the upper c spine

14
Q

Which muscle is implicated in thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

the scalenes

15
Q

Thoracic Outlet syndrome

A

occurs when the size and shape of the outlet is compressed or narrowed
can happen because of posture, muscle tightness, exercise, trauma, pregnancy, or a cervical rib

16
Q

Which muscles are tested when doing a C5 nerve root evaluation

A

Deltoid and biceps

17
Q

What nerve innervates the deltoid

A

axillary nerve

18
Q

which nerve innervates the biceps

A

musculocutaneous

19
Q

Which muscles are tested when doing a C6 nerve root evaluation

A

wrist extension-

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

20
Q

Which nerve innervates extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, as well as extensor carpi ulnaris

A

radial

21
Q

Which muscles are tested when doing a C7 nerve root evaluation

A

triceps
flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi

22
Q

What nerve innervates the triceps?

A

radial

23
Q

which nerve innervats flexor carpi radialis?

A

median

24
Q

which nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve

25
Q

Which nerve innervates extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis profundus, extensor digiti minimi?

A

radial

26
Q

which muscles are tested when doing a C8 nerve root evaluation

A

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorus profundus, and the lumbricals

27
Q

Which muscles are tested when doing a T1 nerve root evaluation

A

dorsal interossei, palmer interossei

28
Q

which nerve innervates the dorsal and palmer interossei

A

ulnar nerve

29
Q

Jefferson Fracture

A

aka burst

axial load/vertebral compression

30
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

fracture of pars interarticularis at C2 and disruption of C2-C3 junction