Ch 1 - Stroke: Introduction Flashcards Preview

Cuccurullo 3rd Edited > Ch 1 - Stroke: Introduction > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch 1 - Stroke: Introduction Deck (28)
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1
Q

What is a cerebrovascular event?

A

Signs of focal or global disturbances of cerebral function lasting >24 hrs or leading to death secondary to vascular causes

2
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack?

A

Symptoms of a CVA <24 hrs

3
Q

What are nonmodifiable risk factors for stroke?

A

Age (risk doubles each decade >55)
Sex (male>female)
Race (AA 2x>Caucasian> Asians)
Family history of stroke

4
Q

What is the most important modifiable risk factor for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke?

A

HTN

5
Q

What are modifiable cardiac causes of stroke?

A
HTN
CHF/CAD 2x
AFib 5x
Carotid stenosis
Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
6
Q

What level of stenosis does carotid endarterectomy most beneficial?

A

70-99% carotid stenosis

7
Q

What are modifiable non-cardiac causes of stroke?

A
DM 2x
Cigarette smoking 2x
ETOH/cocaine abuse
High dose estrogens
Systemic hypercoagable diseases
Migraines
Sleep apnea
Obesity/sedentary lifestyle
8
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Most lateral aspect of the hemisphere

9
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial aspect of the hemisphere from lamina terminalis to cuneus

10
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Inferior surface of temporal lobe and visual cortex

11
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Ependymal cells in choroid plexus in lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles

12
Q

Where does CSF circulate?

A

Lateral ventricles to the foramina of Monro,
3rd ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius, 4th ventricle, foramen of Magendie and foramina of Luschka, and subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord.

13
Q

What are types of ischemic strokes?

A

Thrombotic
Embolic
Lacunar

14
Q

When do thrombotic strokes occur?

A

During sleep

15
Q

What is the cause of thrombotic strokes?

A

Perfusion failure distal to site of severe stenosis or occlusion of major vessels

16
Q

What is the presentation of thrombotic strokes?

A

Slow (gradual),

progressive deficit

17
Q

What precentage of thrombotic strokes precede with TIA?

A

50% in same vascular territory

18
Q

When do embolic strokes occur?

A

While awake

19
Q

What is the cause of embolic strokes?

A

Cardiac source

20
Q

What is the presentation of embolic strokes?

A

Sudden, immediate

deficit (seizures may occur)

21
Q

Where do lacunar strokes occur?

A
– putamen
– pons
– thalamus
– caudate
– internal capsule/ corona radiata
22
Q

What is the presentation of lacunar strokes?

A

Abrupt or gradual onset

23
Q

When do intracerbral hemorrhages (ICH) occur?

A

90% of cases occur when patient is calm and unstressed.

24
Q

What is the cause of intracerbral hemorrhages (ICH)?

A

HTN

25
Q

What is the presentation of intracerbral hemorrhages (ICH)?

A

Gradual onset (minutes to days) or sudden onset of local neurologic deficits

26
Q

When do subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) occur?

A

During strenuous activity

27
Q

What is the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH)?

A

Ruptured aneurysms

and vascular malformations

28
Q

What is the presentation of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH)?

A

Sudden onset

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