Ch. 32: Infinitive

Question 1

What is the present infinitive of εἰμί?

Answer 1

εἶναι (to be)

Question 2

What are the Present Active, Middle, and Passive infinitive endings?

Answer 2

Act: ειν
M: εσθαι
P: εσθαι

Question 3

What are the FIRST Aorist Active, Middle, and Passive infinitive endings?

Answer 3

Act: σαι
M: σασθαι
P: θῆναι

Question 4

What are the SECOND Aorist Active, Middle, and Passive infinitive endings?

Answer 4

Act: εῖν
M: εσθαι
P: ῆναι

Question 5

What are the Perfect Active, Middle, and Passive infinitive endings?

Answer 5

Act: κέναι
M: σθαι
P: σθαι

Question 6

All infinitives except the [tense#1] and [tense#2] [voice] end in what ending?

Answer 6

All but the [PRESENT] and [SECOND AORIST] [ACTIVE] end in αι.

Question 7

The present (continuous) infinitive is built on which stem?

Answer 7

present tense stem

Question 8

The aorist (undefined) infinitive is built on which stem?

Answer 8

aorist tense stem (without augment)

Question 9

The perfect (completed) infinitive is built on which stem?

Answer 9

perfect tense stem.

Question 10

What are the three “articular infinitive and preposition” grammatical constructions in the “Reason/Purpose” category?

Answer 10

1. διά (accusative) meaning ‘because’ (ind. reason)
   Example: διά τό βλέπειν αὐτόν: Because he sees.
2. εἰς (accusative) meaning ‘in order that’ (ind. purpose)
   Example: εἰς τό βλέπειν αὐτόν: In order that he sees.
3. πρός (accusative) meaning ‘in order that’ (ind. purpose)
   Example: πρός τό βλέπειν αὐτόν: In order that he sees.

Question 11

What are the five ways one can translate/use the infinitive?

Answer 11

1. Substantive (articular infinitive. preceded by definite article)
2. Complementary infinitive
3. Articular infinitive and preposition
4. Purpose
5. Result

Question 12

What are the two categories that categorize the “articular infinitive and preposition” grammatical constructions?

Answer 12

1. Reason/Purpose

2. Temporal

Question 13

What are the three “articular infinitive and preposition” grammatical constructions in the “Temporal” category?

Answer 13

1. πρό (genitive) meaning ‘before’ (ind. time)
   Example: πρό τοῦ βλέπειν αὐτόν: Before he sees.
2. ἐν (dative) meaning ‘when/while’ (ind. time)
   Example: ἐν τῷ βλέπειν αὐτόν: When he sees.
3. μετά (accusative) meaning ‘after’ (ind. time)
   Example: μετά τό βλέπειν αὐτόν: After he sees.

Question 14

What are three ways the infinitive can function to express purpose, “in order that”?

Answer 14

1. εἰς / πρός with an articular infinitive.
2. Articular infinitive with the definite article in the genitive (no preposition) (τοῦ)
3. Infinitive by itself (no prep or art)

Question 15

What construction can be used to indicate the result of some action?

Answer 15

ὥστε followed by an infinitive.

Example: ἔπλησαν ἀμφότερα τά πλοῖα ὥστε βυθίζεσθαι αὐτά (Lk 5:7)
They filled both boats so full THAT they BEGAN TO SINK.

Question 16

What is are the three important notes about what the infinitive is and its declension?

Answer 16

1. It’s a verbal noun.
2. Indeclinable / doesn’t change form
3. Always neuter singular.