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ATI Pediatrics-MJ > Ch. 37: Acute Otitis Media > Flashcards

Ch. 37: Acute Otitis Media Flashcards

1
Q

Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection of the structures of the _____ with rapid clinical symptoms of infection

A

Middle ear

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2
Q

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a collection of ______ but no infection

A

Fluid in the middle ear

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3
Q

What is the majority of incidence of ear infections related to?

A

Eustachian tube malfunction

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4
Q

How are children eustachian tubes?

A

Shorter and more horizontal than adults

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5
Q

When is otitis media most common?

A

First 24 months of life and again when children enter school (age 5-6)

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6
Q

What is otitis media usually triggered by?

A
  • Bacterial infection (streptococcus pneumonia, haem flu, moraxella catarrhalis)
  • Viral infection (RSV or influenza)
  • Allergies
  • Enlarged adenoids
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7
Q

Why do they think there is lower incidence in otitis media in infants who are breast fed?

A

Possible due to the presence of immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is found in breast milk. IgA protects against infection

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8
Q

When is otitis media have higher incidence?

A

Winter months

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9
Q

What other problems/disorders are risk factors for otitis media?

A

Cleft lip/palate

Down syndrome

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10
Q

AOM

  • What does the child do to their ear?
  • What color is TM?
  • What is in middle ear?
  • What may happen with external canal?
A
  • Pulls/rub ear
  • TM is yellow or red and bulging
  • Purluent material in middle ear
  • Drainage from external canal
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11
Q

AOM

  • _______ of the head and neck
  • What may temp get to?
  • What may happen if AOM becomes a chronic condition?
A

Lymphadenopathy of head and neck
Fever may get to 40C (104F)
If it becomes chronic, hearing difficulties and speech delays

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12
Q

OME

  • Feeling of ____ in the ear
  • What color is TM?
  • Vague findings?
  • What else?
A
  • Fullness
  • TM: Orange
  • Vague findings: rhinitis, cough, diarrhea
  • Transient hearing loss and balance disturbances
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13
Q

What does a pneumatic otoscope do?

A

Used to visualize the TM and middle ear; also assess TM movement

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14
Q

How will TM movement be in AOM?

A

Decreased or no TM

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15
Q

How will TM movement be in OME?

A

Decreased movement

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16
Q

How do we visualize the TM of a child younger than 3?

A

Pull pinna down and back

17
Q

How do we visualize the TM of a child older than 3?

A

Pull pinna up and back

18
Q

Nursing care: How should child be placed

A

Upright position

19
Q

What antibiotics would be given PO for 10-14 days?

A

Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin-culavulate
Axithromycin

20
Q

What antibiotic would be given IM once?

A

Ceftriaxone

21
Q

Sometimes otitis media resolves on its own. We should wait ____ for spontaneous resolution before starting antibiotics

A

72 hours

22
Q

What is the usual treatment course for children younger than 6?

A

PO 10-14 days

  • administer in high dose, orally (80-90mg/kg/day)
  • course may be shorter for older children
23
Q

Why would an IM med be given?

A

For resistant organisms or client specific reasons (difficulty taking oral, won’t complete oral course)

24
Q

We should tell the family to look for signs of allergy to the antibiotic. What would a sign be?

A

Rash

Difficulty breathing

25
Q

What is benzocaine?

A

Ear drops for topical pain relief

*Discourage the parents to use decongestants or antihistamines

26
Q

What may be indicated for a child who has multiple episodes of otitis media? How is this done?

A

Myringotomy and placement of tymphanplasty tubes

May now be performed by laser treatment

27
Q

Is the myringotomy and placement of tympanoplasty tubes done inpatient or outpatient? Explain.

A

Outpatient–general anesthesia–usually completed in 15 minutes

28
Q

How is the myringotomy and placement of tympanoplasty done?

A

A small incision is made in the TM..tiny plastic or metal tubes are placed in the eardrum to equalize pressure and minimize effusion

29
Q

How long is recovery for myringotomy and placement of tympanoplasty tubes?

A

Takes place in PACU–discharge within an hour

30
Q

Is there pain with the myringotomy and placement of tympanoplasty tubes procedure?

A

Not common and if it is present, it will be mild

31
Q

When do the tubes come out and how do they come out?

A

Spontaneously within 6-12 months

32
Q

Should we notify the prescriber when the tubes fall out?

A

Instruct parents to notify the provider when tubes come out. This usually does not require replacement of the tubes

33
Q

Is it ok if water gets in the childs tubes when they are in place? Do ear plugs work well?

A

Avoid getting water in tubes
Effectiveness of earplugs= not conclusive

*follow health care providers instructions regarding this

34
Q

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has acute otitis media. Which of the following is a priority action for the nurse to take?

A. Provide emotional support to the family
B. Educate the family on care of the child
C. Prevent clinical complications
D. Administer analgesics

A

D

35
Q

A nurse is caring for a 2 year old child who has had 3 ear infections in the past 5 months. The nurse should know that the child is at risk for developing which of the following as a long-term complications?

A. Balanced difficulties
B. Prolonged hearing lose
C. Speech delays
D. Mastoiditis

A

C

36
Q

An infant who has clinical manifestations of acute otitis media (AOM) is brought to an outpatient facility by his parents. The nurse should recognize that which of the following factors places the infant at risk for otitis media? (SATA)

A. Breastfeeding without formula supplementation
B. Attends day care 4 days per week
C. Immunizations are up to date
D. History of a cleft palate repair
E. Parents smoke cigs outside
A

B, D, E

37
Q

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has rhinitis, cough, and diarrhea for 2 days. Upon assessment, it is noted that the TM has an orange discoloration and decreased movement. Which of the following is an appropriate statement for the nurse to make.

A. Your child has an ear infection that requires antibiotics
B. You child could experience transient hearing loss
C. Your child will need to be on a decongestant until this clears
D. Your child will need to have a myringotomy

A

B

38
Q

A nurse is assessing an infant. Which of the following findings are clinical manifestations of acute otitis media? (SATA)

A. Decreased pain in the supine position
B. Rolling head side to side
C. Loss of appetite
D. Increased sensitivity to sound
E. Crying
A

B, C, E

ATI Pediatrics-MJ (41 decks)

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