Challenges To The Authority Of State In The Late 18th And 19th Centuries: Key Terms Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Challenges To The Authority Of State In The Late 18th And 19th Centuries: Key Terms Deck (35)
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1
Q

What is capitalism?

A

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

2
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government where eligible members of the population elect their leaders/representatives

3
Q

What does the term ‘closed shop’ mean?

A

A place of work where all employees must belong to an agreed trade union

4
Q

Entrepreneur

A

A person who sets up a business, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit

5
Q

Artisan

A

A worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand

6
Q

Knobstick

A

A term for a worker who is not part of a union and works when others are striking

7
Q

Picketing

A

A form of protest in which people gather outside a place or work or location where and event is taking place, in order to draw public attention to a cause

8
Q

Dividend

A

A sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits

9
Q

Shareholder

A

Somebody that owns share ( a percentage or part of) in a company

10
Q

Mutualism

A

Mutualism is a relationship that benefits both individuals involved

11
Q

Cooperative economics

A

An economic system whereby those who follow its principles and values can meet their basic needs

12
Q

Laissez faire economics

A

An economic system that is free from government intervention

13
Q

What is the difference between parliament and government?

A

Parliament is a group of elected politicians who make laws for the country
Government is the group of people/ party who officially control a country

14
Q

Hunger politics

A

Humanitarian aid to help the hunger conditions worldwide

15
Q

Constitution

A

The basic principles and laws of a nation/ state that determines the powers and duties of the government and guarantees certain rights to people in it

16
Q

Patronage

A

Privilege or financial aid given by one organisation or individual to another

17
Q

Pocket borough

A

A constituency controlled by one person or family who owned the land; this family would have controlled the election of political representatives. These areas had very small electorates

18
Q

Rotten borough

A

A small constituency maintained by the crown or an aristocrat; these areas had the right to elect members of the House of Commons

19
Q

Sedition

A

Speech or writing a that encourages people to rebel against the authority of state or monarch

20
Q

Two party system

A

Party system where 2 major political parties dominate the government
One of the two typically holds a majority in government and other hold the minority’s or is an opposition party

21
Q

Lobby

A

To persuade a politician, government or official group on an issue

22
Q

What did an Adullamite believe in 1866?

A

The Adullamites were an anti-reform group in the U.K. liberal party who believed that giving working men (skilled ones) a vote was wrong

23
Q

Agrarian

A

The use of land for farming

24
Q

Joint stock bank

A

A bank which is a public company with shares owned by investors rather than by the government

25
Q

Cottage industry

A

A business or manufacturing activity carried out in a persons home

26
Q

Trade union

A

An organised association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests

27
Q

New model unionism

A

Skilled workers grouping together to form a conservative craft union ( trade union combining workers who specialise in a particular craft or skill) known as new model unionism, that used calm negotiation to achieve aims

28
Q

Aristocracy of labour

A

Privilege and highly paid skilled factory workers

Upper section of the working class

29
Q

Piecework

A

Work paid for according to the amount produced

30
Q

TUC

A

Trade Union Congress - national trade union centre that represents trade unions

31
Q

Parish

A

A small district that has its own church and priest

32
Q

Pauperism

A

Pauperism is a term meaning poverty/ state of being poor

The paupers would have revived relief under the poor laws

33
Q

Less eligibility

A

The condition of the pauper in the workhouse should not be as attractive as that of the poorest labourer outside the workhouse

34
Q

Non-conformism

A

A term used to describe people/ non-conformists who did not or refused to follow the rules of the Church of England

35
Q

Panopticon

A

A type of institutional building and a system of control, designed by Jeremy Bentham ( type of prison)