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Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (53)
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1
Q

cell

A

organized chemical system that includes many specialized molecules surrounded by a membrane

2
Q

emergent properties

A

characteristics that depend on the level of organization of matter but no dot exist at lower levels of organization

3
Q

unicellular organisms

A

single cells such as bacteria and protozoans

4
Q

multicellular organisms

A

plants and animals (cells live in tightly coordinated groups and are interdependent)

5
Q

population

A

group of organisms of the same kind that live together

6
Q

community

A

all populations of different organisms that live in the same place

7
Q

ecosystem

A

includes the community and the nonliving environmental factors with which it interacts

8
Q

biosphere

A

encompasses all the ecosystems of the Earth’s waters, crust and atmosphere

9
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

most fundamental and important molecule that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving matter

10
Q

ribonucleic acid

A

directs the synthesis of different protein molecules

11
Q

proteins

A

carry out most of the activities of life, including the synthesis of all other biological molecules

12
Q

metabolism

A

ability of a cell or organism to extract energy from its surrounding and use that energy to maintain itself, grow and reproduce

13
Q

photosynthesis

A

when plants take electromagnetic energy in sunlight absorbed and convert it into chemical energy

14
Q

cellular respiration

A

complex biological molecules are broken down with oxygen, releasing some of their energy content for cellular activities

15
Q

primary producers

A

photosynthetic organisms

16
Q

consumers

A

organisms that feed on the complex molecules manufactured by plants

17
Q

decomposers

A

feed on dead organisms, breaking down complex biological molecules into simpler raw materials which may be recycled by producers

18
Q

homeostasis

A

steady internal condition maintained by responses that compensate for changes in the external environment

19
Q

reproduction

A

parents creating offspring

20
Q

inheritance

A

passing DNA from one generation to the next

21
Q

development

A

series of programmed changes encoded in DNA through which eggs develop into an adult that can reproduce

22
Q

life cycle

A

stages in which individuals grow, maintain themselves, and reproduce

23
Q

biological evolution

A

populations changing from generation to generation by passing genes that better fit environment

24
Q

artificial selection

A

humans purposely breeding organisms for certain traits

25
Q

natural selection

A

same as above but in nature

26
Q

genes

A

functional units of DNA

27
Q

scientific name

A

first part is genus, second part is genus

28
Q

family

A

related genes

29
Q

order

A

related families

30
Q

class

A

related orders

31
Q

phylum

A

related classes

32
Q

kingdom

A

related phyla

33
Q

domain

A

most exclusive group

34
Q

phylogenetic trees

A

illustrations of evolution pathways

35
Q

prokaryotes

A

bacteria and archaea(dna is not separated from rest of cell)

36
Q

eukaryotes

A

all other organisms(dna is separate from cell structures)

37
Q

organelles

A

specialized internal compartments of eukaryotic cells

38
Q

protists

A

group of diverse single-celled and multi-cellular eukaryotic species, do not share common ancestry

39
Q

kingdom platae

A

multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis

40
Q

kingdom fungi

A

highly varied group of unicellular and multicellular species that mostly live as decomposers, no phootsynthesis

41
Q

kingdom animalia

A

multicellular organisms that are consumers and can actively move from one place to another in one life cycle

42
Q

biological research

A

effort to understand the living world

43
Q

basic research

A

seeking explanations to satisfy curiosity and to advance collective knowledge

44
Q

applied research

A

solving particular problems

45
Q

scientific method

A

making observations, developing an explanation and then testing those explanations

46
Q

observational data

A

basic information on biological structures or processes

47
Q

experimental data

A

information obtained by manipulating system under study

48
Q

hypothesis

A

explanation

49
Q

null hypothesis

A

statement that would prove hypothesis false

50
Q

variables

A

environmental factors that differ among organisms and environments

51
Q

control

A

shows what happened if system not changed

52
Q

replicates

A

multiple subjects tested with same results

53
Q

model organisms

A

animals biologists work on because they have rapid development, short life cycles, and small adult size